| environ. |
genetic pool The total number of genes or the amount of genetic information possessed by all the reproductive members of a population of sexually reproducing organisms (有性繁殖能力的种群成员携带的基因总量或基因信息。); gene bank Storehouses of seeds or vegetative tissue, kept in low humidity and temperature, to help maintain genetic diversity. Sometimes known as seed banks or germ plasm banks. their contents mostly originate from a wide range of primitive strains and wild crop varieties. The International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR), which was established in 1974, promotes the collection, documentation, evaluation, conservation and eventual use of genetic resources of significant plant species. Gene banks are the subject of international controversy because they contain seeds that have mostly been acquired from the developing countries by the industrially rich countries, where they have been used in breeding programmes to develop new strains. Instead of taking decades over a traditional plant breeding programme by fertilization, it is now possible to manipulate directly the genes of plants, creating genetically modified organisms (GMOs), which are plants modified to give a higher resistance to disease and improved growth and yields and, therefore, increase the profit of the plant breeder and farmer (种子或植物组织的仓库，在低温和低湿度下保存，以帮助保持遗传多样性。有时也被称为种子银行或生殖原生质银行。其内容主要是源于一种原始品种和野生作物。于1974年成立的国际植物遗传资源委员会，促进重大植物物种的遗传资源的收集，记录，评价，保护和最终使用。基因库是国际争论的主题，因为它们大部分是由工业发达国家从发展中国家获得的，而这些发展中国家有自己的育种计划来开发新品种。原来需要通过几十年的时间通过传统施肥方案植物育种，现在有可能通过直接操控植物基因，创造改造微生物，而获得更好的抗病性以及更高的生产率，因此能够比差同育种方案产生更大的收益。) |
