| Subject | Spanish | English |
| environ. | adaptabilidad del ecosistema | adaptability of ecosystems |
| nat.sc. | adaptabilidad del ecosistema | ecosystem adaptability |
| environ. | análisis de ecosistema | ecosystem analysis |
| environ. | análisis de ecosistema | ecosystem analysis Detailed study of an ecosystem carried out to ascertain its features from the point of view of its soil composition, energy flux, biogeochemical cycles, biomass, organisms and their relationship with the environment |
| health. | biomasa del ecosistema | ecosystem biomass |
| UN, ecol. | biotope, ecosistema | biotope= ecosystem |
| UN, clim. | bosques, tierras, ecosistemas gestionados | Managed forests, lands, ecosystems (explotados) |
| UN, clim. | proyecto sobre Cambios Mundiales y los Ecosistemas Terrestres | Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems |
| UN, ecol. | Centro de Actividades del Programa CAP de Ecosistemas de las Tierras Secas y Lucha contra la Desertificación | Drylands Ecosystems and Desertification Control Programme Activity Centre PAC |
| nat.sc. | clasificación de los ecosistemas mundiales de Ellemberg | Ellemberg's classification of world ecosystems |
| UN | Comité sobre Ecosistemas Insulares | Committee on Island Ecosystems |
| environ. | componente valorado del ecosistema | valued ecosystem component |
| environ. | componente valorado del ecosistema | valued ecosystem component An appraised, evaluated or estimated element or ingredient of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings |
| environ., fish.farm., UN | Conferencia de Reykjavik sobre la pesca responsable en el ecosistema marino | Reykjavik Conference on Responsible Fisheries in the Marine Ecosystem |
| org.name. | Conferencia Internacional FAO/Países Bajos sobre el agua en relación con los alimentos y los ecosistemas: adopción de medidas concretas | FAO/Netherlands International Conference on Water for Food and Ecosystems: Make it Happen |
| org.name. | Conferencia sobre Ecosistemas de Bosque Húmedo y Denso de África Central | Ministerial Conference on Dense and Humid Forest Ecosystems of Central Africa |
| org.name. | Conferencia sobre ecosistemas de los bosques densos de África central | Conference of the Central African Moist Forest Ecosystems |
| environ. | conferencia sobre Ecosistemas y desarrollo sostenible | conference on Ecosystems and sustainable development |
| UN, biol., sec.sys. | Conservación de la diversidad biológica en los ecosistemas de montaña | Conservation of Biological Diversity in Mountain Ecosystems |
| law | conservación del ecosistema | ecosystem preservation |
| org.name. | Consulta de expertos sobre componentes económicos y sociales de la gestión pesquera basada en el ecosistema | Expert Consultation on Economic and Social Components of Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management |
| org.name. | Consulta de expertos sobre la ordenación pesquera basada en el ecosistema | Expert Consultation on Ecosystem-based Fisheries Management |
| nat.sc., life.sc. | corredor de conexión entre ecosistemas | transport corridor between ecosystems |
| org.name. | Curso práctico sobre el régimen jurídico aplicable a los recursos biológicos de los grandes ecosistemas marinos | Workshop on the Legal Régime for Living Resources in Large-scale Marine Ecosystems |
| UN, ecol. | Curso práctico sobre la utilización de la tecnología espacial para la vigilancia y regulación de ecosistemas desérticos | Workshop on the Use of Space Techniques for Monitoring and Control of Desert Environments |
| org.name. | Declaración de Reykjavik sobre la Pesca Responsable en el Ecosistema Marino | Reykjavik Declaration |
| org.name. | Declaración de Reykjavik sobre la Pesca Responsable en el Ecosistema Marino | Reykjavik Declaration on Responsible Fisheries in the Marine Ecosystem |
| environ. | degradación de ecosistemas | ecosystem degradation |
| environ. | degradación de ecosistemas | ecosystem degradation Degradation or destruction of large natural environments. When one ecosystem is under attack as a result of natural or man-made disaster it is extremely difficult to calculate the ripple effects throughout nature. When two or more ecosystems are being degraded the probabilities of synergistic destructiveness multiply. Ecosystems in many regions are threatened, despite their biological richness and their promise of material benefits |
| UN, ecol. | disfunción de un ecosistema | ecosystem dysfunction |
| UN, ecol. | diversidad de los ecosistemas | ecosystem diversity |
| environ. | ecosistema acuático | aquatic ecosystem |
| life.sc. | ecosistema acuático | water ecosystem |
| environ., agric. | ecosistema agrícola | agroecosystem |
| environ., agric. | ecosistema agrícola | agricultural ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistema antártico | Antarctic ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistema bentónico | benthic ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistema bentónico costero | benthic coastal ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistema béntico | benthic ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistema béntico | benthic ecosystem The interacting system of the biological communities located at the bottom of bodies of freshwater and saltwater and their non-living environmental surroundings |
| nat.sc. | ecosistema béntico costero | benthic coastal ecosystem |
| environ., min.prod. | ecosistema costero | coastal ecosystem |
| UN, biol., sec.sys. | ecosistema crítico | biodiversity hot spot |
| environ. | ecosistema de agua dulce | freshwater ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistema de agua dulce | freshwater ecosystem The living organisms and nonliving materials of an inland aquatic environment |
| UN | ecosistema de aguas abajo | downstream ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistema de altiplano | highland ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistema de altiplano | highland ecosystem The interacting systems of the biological communities and their non-living surroundings in regions of relatively high elevation, typically characterized by decreased air pressure and temperature, reduced oxygen availability and increased isolation |
| environ. | ecosistema de bosque | woodland ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistema de bosque | woodland ecosystem The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings in wooded areas or land areas covered with trees and shrubs |
| environ. | ecosistema de bosque tropical | tropical forest ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistema de bosque tropical | tropical forest ecosystem The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings in forests found in tropical regions near the equator, which are characterized by warm to hot weather and abundant rainfall |
| environ. | ecosistema de estuarios | estuarine ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistema de gelisuelo | permafrost ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistema de gelisuelo | permafrost ecosystem The interacting system of the biological communities and their nonliving environmental surroundings in a climatic region where the subsoil is perennially frozen |
| environ. | ecosistema de la zona sublitoral | subtidal ecosystem |
| life.sc. | ecosistema de las aguas fluentes | lotic ecosystem |
| life.sc. | ecosistema de las aguas fluentes | flowing-water ecosystem |
| life.sc. | ecosistema de las aguas fluentes | channel system |
| nat.sc., environ. | ecosistema de las márgenes de los ríos | river margin ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistema de montaña | mountain ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistema de montaña | mountain ecosystem Ecosystems found on high-mountains at low latitudes. Mountain ecosystems are very vulnerable. They are increasingly sensitive to soil erosion, landslide and rapid loss of habitat and genetic diversity. Widespread poverty and an increase in the numbers of mountain inhabitants lead to deforestation, cultivation of marginal lands, excessive livestock grazing, loss of biomass cover and other forms of environmental degradation. Because little is known about mountain ecosystems, Agenda 21 has proposed the establishment of a global mountain database. This is essential for the launch of programmes that would contribute to the sustainable development of mountain ecosystems. The proposals also focus on promoting watershed development and alternative employment for people whose livelihoods are linked to practices that degrade mountains |
| environ. | ecosistema de pastizal | grassland ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistema de pastizal | grassland ecosystem The interacting system of the biological communities located in biomes characterized by the dominance of indigenous grasses, grasslike plants and forbs, and their non-living environmental surroundings |
| anim.husb. | ecosistema de pastoreo | range ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistema de zona fría | cold zone ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistema de zona fría | cold zone ecosystem The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings located in climatic regions where the air temperature is below 10° Celsius for eight to eleven months of the year |
| water.res. | ecosistema dependiente del agua | water dependent ecosystem |
| meteorol. | ecosistema dependiente del fuego | fire dependent ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistema espeleológico | speleological ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistema fluvial | fluvial ecosystem |
| health. | ecosistema forestal | forest ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistema forestal | forest ecosystem Any forest environment, in which plants and animals interact with the chemical and physical features of the environment, in which they live |
| environ., agric. | ecosistema forestal estable | stable forest ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistema intersticial | intertidal ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistema lenítico | lenitic ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistema lenítico | basin ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistema léntico | lenitic ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistema léntico | basin ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistema lótico | lotic ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistema lótico | channel system |
| environ. | ecosistema lótico | flowing-water ecosystem |
| econ. | ecosistema marino | marine ecosystem |
| biotechn. | ecosistema microbiológico | microbiological ecosystem |
| forestr. | ecosistema mundial | global ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistema polar | polar ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistema polar | polar ecosystem The interacting systems of the biological communities and their nonliving environmental surroundings located in the regions where the air temperature is perennially below 10° Celsius, usually at and near the North and South Poles |
| environ. | ecosistema que se aparta del equilibrio | ecosystem moved away from equilibrium |
| environ., min.prod. | ecosistema ribereño | coastal ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistema seminatural | semi-natural ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistema subtropical | subtropical ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistema subtropical | subtropical ecosystem The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings in regions bordering on the tropics or the regions between tropical and temperate zones |
| environ. | ecosistema templado | temperate ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistema templado | temperate ecosystem The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings in regions of or related to moderate climates, intermediate between tropical and polar zones and having distinct warm to hot summer seasons and cool to cold winter seasons |
| environ. | ecosistema terrestre | terrestrial ecosystem Any terrestrial environment, from small to large, in which plants and animals interact with the chemical and physical features of the environment |
| econ. | ecosistema terrestre | terrestrial ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistema tropical | tropical ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistema tropical | tropical ecosystem The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings in the land and water of the equatorial region between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn |
| environ. | ecosistema árido | arid land ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistema árido | arid land ecosystem The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings in a climatic region where the annual precipitation averages less than 10 inches per year |
| environ. | ecosistema ártico | Arctic ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistemas acuáticos | aquatic ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistemas acuáticos | aquatic ecosystem Any watery environment, from small to large, from pond to ocean, in which plants and animals interact with the chemical and physical features of the environment |
| environ. | ecosistemas acuáticos transfronterizos | transboundary aquatic ecosystems |
| ichtyol. | ecosistemas agrícolas | agroecosystems |
| ichtyol. | ecosistemas agrícolas | agricultural ecosystems |
| environ. | ecosistemas costeros | coastal ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistemas costeros | coastal ecosystem Marine environments bounded by the coastal land margin (seashore) and the continental shelf 100-200 m below sea level. Ecologically, the coastal and nearshore zones grade from shallow water depths, influenced by the adjacent landmass and input from coastal rivers and estuaries, to the continental shelf break, where oceanic processes predominate. Among the unique marine ecosystems associated with coastal and nearshore waterbodies are seaweed-dominated communities, coral reefs and upwellings |
| environ. | ecosistemas de agua dulce | freshwater ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistemas de ciénagas | wetlands ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistemas de ciénagas | wetlands ecosystem Ecosystems of areas largely inundated with water but offering elevated lands as a habitat for wildlife. This areas include swamps, both seasonal and permanent, marsh, open fresh water, shallow saline lagoons, the estuaries of rivers, floodplains and coastal sand dunes. They provide food, breeding grounds, water and sanctuary for many forms of fish, birds and other animal and plant life. They are among the most productive ecosystems producing timber, peat moss and crops such as rice and a variety of berries |
| environ. | ecosistemas de importancia internacional | internationally important ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistemas de importancia internacional | internationally important ecosystem Ecosystems whose importance is recognised at international level and which are, in some cases, protected by international conventions |
| UN, ecol. | ecosistemas de montaña | mountain ecosystems |
| nat.sc., environ. | ecosistemas forestales | forest ecosystems |
| environ. | ecosistemas insulares | island ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistemas insulares | island ecosystem Unique but fragile and vulnerable ecosystems due to the fact that the evolution of their flora and fauna has taken place in relative isolation. Many remote islands have some of the most unique flora in the world; some have species of plants and animals that are not found anywhere else, which have evolved in a specialized way, sheltered from the fierce competition that species face on mainland |
| environ. | ecosistemas marinos | marine ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistemas marinos | marine ecosystem Any marine environment, from pond to ocean, in which plants and animals interact with the chemical and physical features of the environment |
| environ. | ecosistemas naturales u objeto de ordenación | natural or managed ecosystems |
| environ. | ecosistemas semiáridos | semi-arid land ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistemas semiáridos | semi-arid land ecosystem The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings in regions that have between 10 to 20 inches of rainfall and are capable of sustaining some grasses and shrubs but not woodland |
| environ. | Ecosistemas terrestres y cambio mundial | Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems |
| environ. | ecosistemas urbanos | urban ecosystem |
| environ. | ecosistemas urbanos | urban ecosystem Towns and cities viewed as ecosystems, having an input of matter and energy, recycling within the system, and an output of matter and energy into the surroundings |
| life.sc., environ. | enfoque basado en los ecosistemas | ecosystem approach |
| life.sc., environ. | enfoque centrado en los ecosistemas | ecosystem approach |
| UN | enfoque de ecosistemas | ecosystem approach |
| life.sc., environ. | enfoque por ecosistemas | ecosystem approach |
| UN | Estudio UNESCO/PNUMA/FAO sobre el estado de los conocimientos acerca de los ecosistemas forestales tropicales | UNESCO/UNEP/FAO Study on the State of Knowledge of Tropical Forest Ecosystems |
| gen. | estudios en laboratorio y en acuario con simulación de ecosistemas cerrados | laboratory and aquaria studies simulated closed ecosystems |
| environ. | evaluación de ecosistemas para el milenio | Millennium Ecosystem Assessment |
| UN, ecol. | Evaluación de los Ecosistemas al iniciarse el Milenio | Millennium Ecosystem Assessment |
| UN, biol., sec.sys. | Evaluación de los Ecosistemas del Milenio | Millennium Ecosystem Assessment |
| UN | evaluación del ecosistema prop. | ecosystem assessment |
| UN | evaluación del ecosistema | ecosystem assessment |
| environ. | evaluación integrada de ecosistemas | integrated ecosystem assessment |
| UN, biol., sec.sys. | evaluación integrada de los ecosistemas | integrated ecosystem assessment |
| org.name. | Evaluación y control de los ecosistemas y de los recursos pesqueros en el estrecho de Sicilia | Assessment and monitoring of the fishery resources and ecosystems in the strait of Sicily |
| commun. | evolución temporal de un ecosistema tropical | temporal evolution of a tropical ecosystem |
| org.name. | Fortalecimiento de la capacidad para la gestión integrada de ecosistemas | Strengthening Capacity for Integrated Ecosystem Management |
| nat.sc., life.sc. | física de los ecosistemas costeros | physics of coastal ecosystems |
| forestr. | gestión del ecosistema | ecosystem management |
| environ. | gestión integrada de ecosistemas | integrated ecosystem management |
| fishery | gestión pesquera basada en el ecosistema | ecosystem-based management of fisheries |
| fishery | gestión pesquera basada en el ecosistema | ecosystem-based fisheries management |
| environ. | gran ecosistema marino | large marine ecosystem |
| UN | Grupo de Conservación de Ecosistemas | Ecosystem Conservation Group |
| org.name. | Grupo de Especialistas en Ecosistemas del Mar Austral | Group of Specialists on the Southern Ocean Ecosystem |
| polit. | Grupo de Estudio y Defensa de los Ecosistemas de la Región Baja y Media del Amazonas | Group for Study and Defense of Ecosystems of the Lower and Middle Amazon Region |
| org.name. | Grupo de Trabajo sobre el Ecosistema del Mar Negro | Working Group on the Ecosystem of the Black Sea |
| org.name. | Grupo de Trabajo sobre Indicadores de Salud de los Ecosistemas | Working Group on Indicators of Marine Ecosystem Health |
| org.name. | Grupo para la Conservación de los Ecosistemas | Ecosystem Conservation Group |
| environ., UN | Grupo sobre la Conservación de Ecosistemas | Ecosystem Conservation Group |
| UN, ecol. | heterogeneidad en los ecosistemas de las tierras secas | heterogeneity in the dryland ecosystems |
| environ. | histograma del ecosistema | ecological histogram |
| UN | integridad de los ecosistemas | ecosystem integrity |
| environ. | investigación de ecosistema | ecosystem research |
| environ. | investigación de ecosistema | ecosystem research Study of the ways in which plants, animals, and microbes interact with each other and with their physical environment and of the processes involving the circulation, transformation and accumulation of both matter, especially nutrient materials, and energy |
| UN, clim. | Investigación y vigilancia mundial de la dinámica de los ecosistemas oceánicos | Global ocean ecosystems dynamics research and monitoring |
| nat.sc. | la comunidad, denominada también comunidad biótica, es el componente vivo del ecosistema | the community, also known as the biotic community, is the living component of the ecosystem |
| environ. | la contaminación del ecosistema es función de la actividad inicial y del tiempo de contacto | ecosystem contamination is a function of initial activity levels and contact time |
| econ., environ. | La Economía de los Ecosistemas y la Biodiversidad | TEEB study |
| econ., environ. | La Economía de los Ecosistemas y la Biodiversidad | The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity |
| org.name. | Lugares de seguimiento de ecosistemas terrestres | Terrestrial Ecosystem Monitoring Sites |
| forestr. | manejo de ecosistemas | ecosystem management |
| commun., environ., polit. | observación del medio ambiente y ecosistema tropical mediante satélite | Tropical Ecosystem Environment Observations by Satellites |
| commun., environ., polit. | Observación por Satélites del Medio Ambiente del Ecosistema Tropical | Tropical Ecosystem Environment Observations by Satellites |
| UN, biol., sec.sys. | Ordenación de las aguas compartidas de los ecosistemas costeros transfronterizos | Managing Shared Waters - Towards Sustainable Transboundary Coastal Ecosystems |
| environ. | plataforma intergubernamental científico-normativa sobre diversidad biológica y servicios de los ecosistemas | Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services |
| org.name. | Programa de acción sobre conservación de ecosistemas forestales tropicales | Action Programme on Conservation of Tropical Forest Ecosystems |
| UN | Programa operacional para la ordenación integrada de los ecosistemas | Operational Programme for Integrated Ecosystem Management |
| environ. | proyecto sobre Ciclos entrecruzados del azufre y el carbono en los ecosistemas con predominio de Phaeocystis | project Entangled Sulphur and CArbon cycles in Phaeocystis-denominated Ecosystems |
| org.name. | Red Europea de Investigación sobre Ecosistemas Forestales | European Forest Ecosystem Research Network |
| environ. | resiliencia de un ecosistema | ecosystem resilience |
| UN, biol., sec.sys. | Reunión especial intergubernamental y de interesados múltiples acerca de una plataforma intergubernamental político-científica sobre la diversidad biológica y los servicios de los ecosistemas | Ad hoc intergovernmental and multi-stakeholder meeting on an intergovernmental science-policy platform on biodiversity and ecosystem services |
| UN, biol., sec.sys. | Segunda reunión especial a nivel intergubernamental y de múltiples interesados directos sobre una plataforma intergubernamental científico-normativa sobre diversidad biológica y servicios de los ecosistemas | Second ad hoc intergovernmental and multi-stakeholder meeting on an intergovernmental science-policy platform on biodiversity and ecosystem services |
| org.name. | Simposio internacional sobre los efectos de las introducciones y transferencias de especies acuáticas sobre los recursos y los ecosistemas | International Symposium on the Effects of Introductions and Transfers of Aquatic Species on Resources and Ecosystems |
| org.name. | Subcomité sobre Medio Ambiente y Ecosistemas Marinos | Sub-Committee on Marine Environment and Ecosystems |
| UN | Subdivisión de Ecosistemas Terrestres | Terrestrial Ecosystems Branch |
| environ. | superfertilización del ecosistema acuático | over-fertilization of the aquatic ecosystem |
| org.name. | Taller para la evaluación y gestión ecorregional/del ecosistema para la producción pesquera pesca y acuicultura continental sostenible | Workshop for Ecoregional/Ecosystem Assessment and Management of Sustainable Inland Fish Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture Production |
| environ. | tipos de ecosistema | ecosystem type |
| environ. | tipos de ecosistema | ecosystem type Ecosystems can be classified according to various criteria: from the point of view of energy source, two major types of ecosystems can be distinguished. Autotrophic ecosystems have primary producers as a principal component and sunlight has the major initial energy source; etherotrophic ecosystems depend upon preformed organic matter that is imported from autotrophic ecosystems elsewhere. Ecosystems can also be classified in terrestrial, marine and freshwater |
