| Italian | English |
| accumulo nel suolo | soil accumulation |
| acidificazione del suolo | soil acidification A naturally occurring process in humid climates that has long been the subject of research, whose findings suggest acid precipitation effects. The generally accepted impact of soil acidification on the productivity of terrestrial plants is summarised as follows: as soil becomes more acidic the basic cations (Ca, Mg) on the soil exchange are replaced by hydrogen ions or solubilized metals. The basic cation, now in solution, can be leached through the soil. As time progresses the soil becomes less fertile and more acidic. Resultant decreases in soil pH cause reduced, less-active population of soil microorganisms, which in turn slow decomposition of plant residues and cycling of essential plant nutrients |
| acidificazione del suolo | soil acidification |
| acqua del suolo | soil water |
| acqua del suolo | soil water Water stored in soils |
| analisi del suolo | soil analysis The use of rapid chemical analyses to determine the fertility status of a soil. It is used to identify those nutrients or substances that are present in either insufficient or excessive quantities for optimum plant growth. Analyses are also used to monitor increases or decreases in soil fertility over time |
| analisi del suolo | soil analysis |
| assestamento del suolo | soil settling Compaction involves the close-packing of the individual grains mainly by the elimination of pore-space and expulsion of entrapped water; this is normally brought about by the weight of the overlying sediments |
| assestamento del suolo | soil settling |
| atmosfera del suolo | soil air The air and other gases in spaces in the soil; specifically that which is found within the zone of aeration. Also known as soil atmosphere |
| atmosfera del suolo | soil air |
| base di dati geografica dei suoli in Europa | Soil Geographical Database of Europe |
| batterio del suolo | soil bacteria |
| biologia del suolo | soil biology The study of the living organisms, mainly microorganisms and microinvertebrates which live within the soil, and which are largely responsible for the decomposition processes vital to soil fertility |
| biologia del suolo | soil biology |
| cambiamento della destinazione dei suoli | LUC |
| cambiamento della destinazione dei suoli | land-use change |
| capacità depurativa del suolo | purification capacity of the soil |
| capacità di sequestro del carbonio dei suoli | soil carbon sequestration capacity |
| carbonio organico nel suolo | soil organic carbon |
| carico del suolo | soil loading In soil mechanics and civil engineering the term is used to denote the increased weight brought to bear on the ground surface |
| carico del suolo | soil loading |
| carta del suolo | soil map A two-dimensional representation that shows the areal extent or the distribution of soils in relation to other features of the land surface |
| carta di utilizzazione del suolo | present land use map |
| carta per la classificazione agricola dei suoli | agricultural land classification map |
| centro tematico europeo sul suolo | European Topic Centre on Soil |
| chimica del suolo | soil chemistry |
| chimica del suolo | soil chemistry The study of the inorganic and organic components of the soil and its life cycles |
| collosità del suolo | plasticity of soil |
| compattazione del suolo | soil compaction An increase in bulk density (mass per unit volume) and a decrease in soil porosity resulting from applied loads, vibration, or pressure. More compacted soils (or other materials) can support greater loads (load-bearing capacity). Bulk density can be increased by controlling the moisture content, compaction forces and treatment procedures, as well as by manipulating the type of material being compacted |
| compattazione del suolo | soil compaction |
| concentrazione a livello del suolo | ground level concentration |
| concentrazione al suolo | ground-level concentration |
| concentrazione al suolo | ground level concentration |
| Concentrazione di radioattività vicino al suolo | concentration of radioactivity near the ground |
| concentrazione prevista nel suolo | predicted environmental concentration in soil |
| condizioni del suolo | soil condition Description of the character of the surface of the ground at the time of observation, especially in relation to the influence of rain and snow |
| conservazione del suolo | soil conservation Management of soil to prevent or reduce soil erosion and depletion by wind and water. Preservation of soil against deterioration and loss by using it within its capabilities; application of conservation practices needed for its protection and improvement |
| conservazione del suolo | soil protection |
| contaminazione del suolo | soil pollution |
| contaminazione del suolo | soil contamination |
| copertura del suolo | land cover Land cover is the physical state of the land surface. It is the combination of vegetation, soil, rock, water and human-made structures, which make up the earth's landscape. The land cover is the interface between the earth's crust and the atmosphere, influencing the exchange of energy and matter in the climatic system and biogeochemical cycles |
| danno al suolo | soil damage Soil impaired as a consequence of human activity. A study financed by UNEP, reporting in 1992, found that about 10,5% of the world's vegetative surface had been seriously damaged by human activity since 1945. The study found that much of the damage had been masked by a general rise in global agricultural productivity resulting from expanded irrigation, better plant varieties, and greater use of production inputs, such as fertilizers and pesticides. More than 1/3 of the damaged land was in Asia, almost 1/3 in Africa, and 1/4 in Central America. Some land had been damaged beyond restoration. The greatest sources of soil degradation were overgrazing, unsuitable agricultural practices, and deforestation |
| decontaminazione del suolo | soil decontamination Technologies employed in the removal of PCBs, PAH, pesticides and, more generally, of organic compounds by physical, chemical or biological treatments |
| decontaminazione del suolo | soil decontamination |
| degradazione del suolo | soil degradation |
| degrado del suolo | land degradation |
| degrado del suolo | soil deterioration |
| degrado del suolo | soil degradation Soil may deteriorate either by physical movement of soil particles from a given site or by depletion of the water-soluble elements in the soil which contribute to the nourishment of crop, plants, grasses, trees, and other economically usable vegetation. The physical movement generally is referred to as erosion. Wind, water, glacial ice, animals and tools in use may be agents of erosion |
| degrado del suolo | soil degradation |
| depurazione attraverso il suolo | purification through the soil The act or process in which a section of the ground is freed from pollution or any type of contamination, often through natural processes |
| depurazione attraverso il suolo | purification through the soil |
| destinazione dei suoli, cambiamento della destinazione dei suoli e silvicoltura | land-use, land-use change and forestry |
| difesa del suolo | soil conservation |
| Diluizione di un pennacchio a livello del suolo | dilution of a ground-level plume |
| dinamica del sistema delle sostanze organiche nel suolo | dynamics of soil organic matter system |
| dinamica del sistema delle sostanze organiche nel suolo | dynamics of soil organic matter |
| dissipazione nel suolo | soil dissipation |
| Divisione Sostanze,suolo,biotecnologia | Substances,Soil and Biotechnology Division |
| Effetti delle emissioni di rifiuti sui suoli | Impact of Waste Emissions on Soils |
| erosione del suolo | soil erosion Detachment and movement of topsoil or soil material from the upper part of the profile, by the action of wind or running water, especially as a result of changes brought about by human activity, such as unsuitable or mismanaged agriculture |
| erosione del suolo | soil erosion |
| fertilità del suolo | soil fertility The status of a soil with respect to the amount and availability to plants of elements necessary for plant growth |
| fertilità del suolo | soil fertility |
| fertilizzazione del suolo | soil fertilisation The application of any organic or inorganic material of natural or synthetic origins to a soil to supply one or more elements essential to the growth of plants |
| fertilizzazione del suolo | soil fertilisation |
| formazione del suolo | soil formation The combination of natural processes by which soils are formed. It is also known as pedogenesis. The most important soil-forming factors are parent material, terrain, climate, aspect, vegetation cover, microorganisms in the soil and the age of the land surface. Some pedologists would add to this list the influence of human activities. All the factors exhibit varying degrees of interrelationship and some are more important than others, with climate often being singled out as the most important |
| formazione del suolo | soil formation |
| fotolisi del suolo | soil photolysis |
| funzione del suolo | soil function The main soil function is participation in the material transformation and migrating processes occurring in the natural environment on which the functioning of ecosystems depends. The most active participants in the occurring processes are microorganisms and invertebrates, whose activity, different variety, complex structure, and abundance accurately reflect the soil type and its characteristics: so they are important indicators of ecological stability. The variety of soil organisms determine its self-regulatory and self-cleaning capacity |
| funzione del suolo | soil function |
| gestione del suolo | land stewardship |
| immissione di qualsiasi sostanza inquinante nel suolo | release of any polluting substance into soil |
| impermeabilizzazione del suolo | soil sealing |
| impermeabilizzazione del suolo | land sealing |
| infiltrazione di acqua nel suolo | water infiltration into the ground |
| infiltrazione di acqua nel suolo | water infiltration into the ground The movement of surface water into soil or rock through cracks and pores |
| inquinamento atmosferico a livello del suolo | ground-level air pollution |
| inquinamento del suolo | soil pollution Modifications of soil features or, more generally, of its chemical and biological balance, caused by the discharge of polluting substances |
| inquinamento del suolo | land pollution |
| inquinante del suolo | soil pollutant |
| inquinante del suolo | soil pollutant Solid, liquid and gaseous substances that detrimentally alter the natural condition of the soil |
| lavorazione del suolo | working the soil |
| lavorazione del suolo | working the soil Ploughing the soil for agricultural purposes |
| legislazione sulla conservazione del suolo | soil conservation legislation A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to protect and prevent the loss of an area's surface layer of decomposed rock and organic material, valued for its nutrients and ability to support life |
| lisciviazione del suolo | soil leaching The removal of water or any soluble constituents from the soil. Leaching often occurs with soil constituents such as nitrate fertilizers with the result that nitrates end up in potable waters |
| lisciviazione del suolo | soil leaching |
| lotta contro l'erosione del suolo | land erosion control |
| meccanica del suolo | soil mechanics The study of the physical properties of soil, especially those properties that affect its ability to bear weight such as water content, density, strength, etc. |
| meccanica del suolo | soil mechanics |
| miglioramento del suolo | soil improvement Process of protecting the soil from excessive erosion and making soil more fertile and productive |
| mineralogia del suolo | soil mineralogy Study of the formation, occurrence, properties, composition, and classification of the minerals present in the soil |
| mineralogia del suolo | soil mineralogy |
| neutralità in termini di degrado del suolo | land degradation neutrality |
| occupazione del suolo | land occupation The use, settlement or possession of solid areas of the earth's surface |
| organismo del suolo | soil organism |
| organismo del suolo | soil organism Organisms which live in the soil |
| orizzonti del suolo | soil layer Distinctive successive layers of soil produced by internal redistribution processes. Conventionally the layers have been divided into A, B and C horizons. The A horizon is the upper layer, containing humus and is leached and/or eluviated of many minerals. The B horizon forms a zone of deposition and is enriched with clay minerals and iron/aluminium oxides from the A layer. The C layer is the parent material for the present soil and may be partially weathered rock, transported glacial or alluvial material or an earlier soil |
| orizzonti del suolo | soil layer |
| piano di uso del suolo | land use plan The key element of a comprehensive plan; describes the recommended location and intensity of development for public and private land uses, such as residential, commercial, industrial, recreational and agricultural |
| piano di uso del suolo | land use plan |
| possibilità dell'uso del suolo | Land use capability |
| potenzialità del suolo | soil capability The suitability of soils for various uses, e.g. sustained production of cultivated crops, pasture plants, etc., depending on depth, texture, kinds of minerals, salinity, kinds of salts, acidity, etc. |
| potenzialità del suolo | soil capability |
| potere autoepuratere del suolo | natural regenerative capacity of soils |
| processi del suolo | soil process The major processes in soils are gains, losses, transfers, and transformations of organic matter, soluble salts, carbonates, silicate clay minerals, sesquioxides, and silica. Gains consist normally of additions of organic matter, and of oxygen and water through oxidation and hydration, but in some sites slow continuous additions of new mineral materials take place at the surface or soluble materials are deposited from groundwater. Losses are chiefly of materials dissolved or suspended in water percolating through the profile or running off the surface |
| processi del suolo | soil process |
| profilo del suolo | soil profile A vertical section of a soil, showing horizons and parent material |
| progetto "Erosione dei suoli e risorse in terre" | Soil erosion and land resources project |
| programma di ricerca "Uso e gestione dei suoli e delle acque" | Land and water use and management research programme |
| prosciugamento del suolo | draining |
| prosciugamento del suolo | draining The removal of water from a marshy area by artificial means, e.g. the introduction of drains |
| qualità del suolo | soil quality |
| qualità del suolo | soil quality All current positive or negative properties with regard to soil utilization and soil functions |
| regime del suolo | soil use regime |
| regime del suolo | soil use regime Type of management and utilization of the soil |
| regime di umidità del suolo | soil moisture regime The water regime of the soil is determined by the physical properties and arrangement of the soil particles. The pores in a soil determine its water-retention characteristics. When all the pores are full of water, the soil is said to be saturated |
| regime di umidità del suolo | soil moisture regime |
| Rete europea per la valutazione idrografica dell'inquinamento dei suoli e delle acque in Europa | European Watershed-wide Assessment of Soil and water Pollution |
| risorse del suolo | soil resource |
| risorse del suolo | soil resource No definition needed |
| salinità del suolo | soil salinity |
| salinità del suolo | soil salinity Measurement of the quantity of mineral salts found in a soil. Many semi-arid and arid areas are naturally salty. By definition they are areas of substantial water deficit where evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation. Thus, whereas in humid areas there is sufficient water to percolate through the soil and to leach soluble materials from the soil and the rocks into the rivers and hence into the sea, in deserts this is not the case. Salts therefore tend to accumulate |
| salinità del suolo | salting of soil |
| salinità del suolo | salinization |
| salinizzazione del suolo | soil salination The accumulation of soluble mineral salts near the surface of soil, usually caused by the capillary flow of water from saline ground water. Where the rate of surface evaporation is high, irrigation can exacerbate the problem by moistening the soil and causing water to be drawn from deeper levels as water evaporates from the surface. The evaporation of pure water leaves the salts behind, allowing them to accumulate, and they can reach concentrations that are toxic to plants, thus sterilizing the land |
| salinizzazione del suolo | soil salination |
| salsedine del suolo | salting of soil |
| salsedine del suolo | salinization |
| scienza del suolo | soil science |
| scienza del suolo | pedology |
| scienze del suolo | soil science The study of the properties, occurrence, and management of soil as a natural resource. Generally it includes the chemistry, microbiology, physics, morphology, and mineralogy of soils, as well as their genesis and classification |
| scienze del suolo | soil science |
| sequestro del carbonio nei suoli agrari | carbon farming |
| sequestro del carbonio nel suolo | soil carbon sequestration |
| sigillatura della superficie del suolo | soil surface sealing Any activity or process in which ground surface areas are packed or plugged to prevent percolation or the passage of fluids |
| sigillatura della superficie del suolo | soil surface sealing |
| sistema al suolo | ground-based system |
| smaltimento nel suolo per irrigazione | ridge-and-furrow irrigation |
| sostanza inquinante del suolo | soil pollutant |
| sostanza inquinante del suolo | land pollutant |
| spandimento sul suolo | land treatment |
| stabilità del suolo | soil stability Soil stability depends on its shear strength, its compressibility and its tendency to absorb water. Stabilization methods include physical compaction and treatment with cement, lime, and bitumen |
| stabilità del suolo | stability of the soil |
| stabilità del suolo | soil stability |
| stabilizzazione del suolo | soil stabilisation Chemical or mechanical treatment designed to increase or maintain the stability of a soil mass or otherwise to improve its engineering properties, as by increasing its shear strength, reducing its compressibility, or decreasing its tendency to absorb water. Stabilization methods include physical compaction and treatment with cement, lime, and bitumen |
| stabilizzazione del suolo | soil stabilisation |
| sterilizzazione del suolo | soil sterilization |
| stock di carbonio nel suolo | soil carbon stock |
| Strategia tematica per la protezione del suolo | Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection |
| struttura del suolo | soil structure The combination or aggregation of primary soil particles into aggregates or clusters, which are separated from adjoining peds by surfaces of weakness. Soil structure is classified on the basis of size, shape, and distinctness into classes, types, and grades |
| struttura del suolo | soil structure |
| suoli alcalini | alkali soil Soil that contains sufficient exchangeable sodium to interfere with water penetration and crop growth, either with or without appreciable quantities of soluble salts |
| suoli alcalini | alkali soil |
| suolo alluviale | alluvial soil |
| suolo contaminato | contaminated soil Soil which because of its previous or current use has substances under, on or in it which, depending upon their concentration and/or quantity, may represent a direct potential or indirect hazard to man or to the environment |
| suolo contaminato | contaminated soil |
| suolo degradato | degraded soil |
| suolo degradato | degraded land |
| suolo di risiera | paddy soil |
| suolo di transizione | intergrade soil |
| suolo di transizione | transition soil |
| suolo marginale | marginal soil |
| suolo marnoso | marly soil |
| tessitura del suolo | soil texture 1. Refers to the relative proportions of the various size groups (sand, silt and clay) of the individual soil grains in a mass of soil. 2. Classification of soil by the proportion and graduations of the three size groups of soil grains, i.e., sand, silt and clay, present in the soil |
| tessitura del suolo | soil texture |
| tipo di suolo | soil type A phase or subdivision of a soil series based primarily on texture of the surface soil to a depth at least equal to plow depth (about 15 cm) |
| tipo di suolo | soil type |
| tutela del suolo | soil protection |
| Ufficio europeo del suolo | European Soil Bureau |
| Ufficio europeo per il suolo | European Soils Bureau |
| umidità del suolo | soil water |
| umidità del suolo | soil moisture 1. Water stored in soils. 2. One of the most important elements involved in pedological processes and plant growth. There are three basic forms: 1. water adhering in thin films by molecular attraction to the surface of soil particles and not available for plants is termed hygroscopic water. 2. Water forming thicker films and occupying the smaller pore spaces is termed capillary water. Since it is held against the force of gravity it is permanently available for plant growth and it is this type of soil water which contains plant nutrients in solution. 3. Water in excess of hygroscopic and capillary water is termed gravitational water, which is of a transitory nature because it flows away under the influence of gravity. When the excess has drained away the amount of water retained in the soil is termed its field capacity, when some of its pore spaces are still free of water |
| umidità del suolo | soil moisture |
| uso del suolo uso generico del termine | land cover |
| uso del suolo | soil use |
| uso del suolo | soil use Functional utilization of soil for agriculture, industry, or residential building purposes |
| uso del suolo, cambiamenti di uso del suolo e silvicoltura | land-use, land-use change and forestry |
| utilizzazione del suolo | soil use |
| vita presente nel suolo | soil life |
