| Chinese | English |
| 三碳-四碳循环中间产物 | C3 - C4 cycle intermediate |
| 三碳景天酸代谢中间产物 | C3 CAM intermediate |
| 三级的废物处理 | tertiary waste treatment |
| 不易挥发物 | non-volatile substance Substance that is not capable of changing from a solid or liquid form to a vapour (不能从固体或液体形式转变为气体的物质。) |
| 不溶解性物质 | insoluble substance Substance incapable of forming a solution, especially in water (不能溶于溶液的物质，特别是指不溶于水。) |
| 两栖动物 | amphibian A class of vertebrate animals characterized by a moist, glandular skin, gills at some stage of development, and no amnion during the embryonic stage (属于脊椎动物纲，具有湿软、腺状的皮肤，以及进化至某一程度的腮，在胚胎时期没有羊膜。) |
| C3 CAM 中间产物 | C3 CAM intermediate |
| 事先通知危险物运输 | prior notification for hazardous waste transport A formal announcement and, often, a request for permission to the proper governmental authorities of the intention to convey across political borders potentially harmful materials that have been left over from manufacturing or testing processes (一种正式的通知，通常要求得到政府的许可，以执行(制造业和测试过程中产生的)有潜在危险的材料的垮边界运输任务。) |
| 企业平均废气有害物排放量 | corporate average emission figure |
| 低风险物种自然保护联盟, 已被视为不具有濒临灭绝危险的动物、鸟类、鱼类、植物或其它生物体。 | lower risk species Animals, birds, fish, plants or other living organisms that have been deemed as not being in danger of extinction; IUCN |
| 作物生态学 | crop ecology |
| 作物育种 | plant breeding Raising a certain type of plant by crossing one variety with another to produce a new variety where the desired characteristics are strongest (通过与别的品种嫁接，得到期望特征的新的品种。) |
| 健康相关生物技术 | health-related biotechnology Health-related biotechnologies are concerned with large-molecule protein pharmaceuticals, genetic engineering, etc. (研究大分子蛋白质药品、基因工程等健康相关的生化技术。) |
| 光化学产物 | photochemical product Degradation products that are produced by the action of light radiation (降解产物，由光源辐射作用产生。) |
| 光合产物数量 | amount of photosynthate |
| 引起全球变暖的污染物 | global warming pollutants |
| 农业废弃物 | agricultural waste Unusable materials, liquid or solid, that result from agricultural practices, such as fertilizers, pesticides, crop residue (such as orchard prunings) and cattle manure (由农业实践活动，例如化肥，杀虫剂，农作物残留(如果园剪枝)和家畜肥料产生的不可用的材料、液体或固体) |
| 农业排放物 | agricultural effluent Any solid, liquid or gas that enters the environment as a by-product of agricultural activities (作为农业活动的副产品而被排入环境中的任何固体、液体或气体。) |
| 农业生物技术 | agricultural biotechnology |
| 农业的生物多样性 | agricultural biological diversity |
| 农业的生物多样性 | agro-biodiversity |
| 农业的生物多样性 | agrobiodiversity |
| 农业的生物多样性 | agricultural biodiversity |
| 农作物保护 | crop protection The problem of crop protection has changed dramatically since 1945. There is now a whole arsenal of chemicals with which to combat agricultural pests and diseases, but this development has itself many drawbacks. Such sophisticated techniques are available only to a minority of farmers; in most parts of the world the standard of crop protection remains abysmally low. In addition, modern crop protection methods have been criticized for relying too heavily on chemical control. Biological controls, both natural and contrived, have been neglected. In some cases involving misuse of agricultural chemicals, crops must be protected from the very measures intended for their protection. Meanwhile previously localized pests and diseases continue to spread worldwide (自从1945年以来，农作物保护问题发生了巨大的变化。现在我们有许多化学试剂用以对付农作物害虫和疾病，但这种发展本身也存在着许多不足。例如，成熟的技术仅能被少数农民所利用；在世界范围内，农作物保护的标准仍然很低。此外，现代的农作物保护措施也因为过多依赖化学手段控制而受到指责。生物手段控制，无论是自然的还是人工的都被人们所忽略。在误用农用化学试剂的情况下，需要采用适当的方法来包括农作物。与此同时，先前存在的重害病仍在世界范围内传播。) |
| 农作物生产 | crop production The act or process of yielding produce from farmland, for livestock or human consumption (为家畜或人类需求而从事生产农产品的行为或过程。) |
| 农作物虫害 | infestation of crops Invasion of crop by parasites. Among vertebrate animals, many crop pests are mammals, especially in the order of rodents and birds. Among invertebrates, certain species of gastropods and a large number of roundworms from the class of nematodes harm crops. The most varied and numerous species of crop pests are arthropods-insects, arachnids and some species of millipedes and crustaceans. Diseases vary from viral, bacterial, and nutritional to fungal, environmental and non-specific. The FAO has estimated that annual worldwide losses done by plant pests and diseases amount to approximately 20-25% of the potential worldwide yield of food crops (农作物遭受寄生虫的侵害。在脊椎动物中，许多的作物害虫为哺乳动物，尤其是啮齿目动物和鸟类。在无脊椎动物中，某些种类的腹足动物和数量颇大属线虫纲的迴虫也会对作物造成危害。种类最多和数目最大的作物害虫为节肢昆虫、蛛形纲动物和某些种类的节肢动物和甲壳纲动物。病害随著病毒、细菌、真菌、覃菌类营养和环境而异。FAO (联合国粮农组织) 估计每年全世界植物病虫害的损失约占全世界食用作物产量的20~25%。) |
| 农作物防治 | crop treatment Use of chemicals in order to avoid damage of crops by insects or weeds (用化学物质防止农作物被害虫和杂草所伤害。) |
| 农作废弃物 | crop waste Any unusable portion of plant matter left in a field after harvest (收割后弃于田地间、没有任何使用价值的农作物部分。) |
| 分子生物学 | molecular biology The study of the chemical structures and processes of biological phenomena at the molecular level; the discipline is particularly concerned with the study of proteins, nucleic acids, and enzymes, the macromolecules essential to life processes. It seeks to understand the molecular basis of genetic processes. Techniques used include X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy (在分子水平上研究化学结构和生物现象过程；此学科特别关注的是蛋白质、核酸、酶、生命过程必不可少的大分子的研究。它的目的是了解对遗传过程的分子基础。使用的技术包括X -射线衍射和电子显微镜。) |
| 分解产物 | degradation product Those chemicals resulting from partial decomposition or chemical breakdown of substances (经过部分分解或化学降解后所得的化学物质。) |
| 初级的废物处理 | primary waste treatment |
| 利用回收物建造 | construction with recycled material Construction with waste product used as raw material (以废弃的产品为原料进行建筑。) |
| 功能性物质 | functional substance A substance from the point of view of its function or purpose, for example a painting agent or a preserving substance (从功能或目的角度出发的有用的物质。例如涂料或储藏物。) |
| 加成聚合物 | addition polymer A polymer formed by the chain addition of unsaturated monomer molecules, such as olefins, with one another without the formation of a by-product, as water; examples are polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene (由不饱和单体分子链加而成的聚合物(如烯烃)，其互相聚合并且没有副产物(比如水)，如聚乙烯、聚丙烯和聚苯乙烯。) |
| 加拿大核燃料废物处置方案 | Canadian Nuclear Fuel Waste Management Program |
| 动物 | animal Any living organism characterized by voluntary movement, the possession of cells with noncellulose cell walls and specialized sense organs enabling rapid response to stimuli, and the ingestion of complex organic substances such as plants and other animals (具有自主移动能力、非纤维细胞壁细胞、快速反应刺激的专门感觉器官，且能摄取复杂有机物(例如植物和其他动物)的任何生物。) |
| 动物交易 | animal trade The process or act of exchanging, buying or selling animals, especially livestock (交换，买卖动物的行为，特别是对于牲畜。) |
| 动物传染病 | zoonosis Diseases which are biologically adapted to and normally found in animals but which under some conditions also infect man (生物学中一般发现于动物体内的疾病，但它在一定条件下也感染人。) |
| 动物伤害 | animal damage Harm caused to the environment by animals as, for instance, in the case of overgrazing, trampling, etc. Overgrazing damage is reduced by properly located watering facilities to decrease daily travel by livestock. Rotation of grazing areas allows time for recovery of grass. Some land can be easily restored if grazing is allowed only during one season. Animals may cause damage to crops when agriculture land borders on virgin territory or game reserves. In addition wild animals may bring disease in valuable domestic herds. Cattle overstocking has caused serious degradation of habitat, and cattle raising is thus, to some extent, counterproductive (动物对环境造成的危害，例如由过度的放牧、践踏等。过度放牧的危害可通过适当的放置供水区以减少家畜每日的行经路线的方法加以降低。放牧区轮流开放可以让草有恢复的机会。某些土地只允许放牧一季的时间，这些土地则较容易恢复。当农地的边缘位于未开发区域或在保护区中，则可能对作物造成危害。除此之外，野生动物可能会为有价值的家畜带来疾病。牛只过多已经造成严重的栖地危害，因此，对牛只饲养的产量也会有造成一定程度的不良影响。) |
| 动物位移 | animal displacement The habit of many animal species of moving inside their habitats or of travelling, during migrations, to different biotopes, often considerable distances apart; in aquatic environments displacements can occur horizontally or vertically while in terrestrial environments animal populations that breed in the alpine or subalpine zones in summer, move to lower levels in winter; animal displacements usually follow circadian rhythms and are related to the necessity of finding breeding, resting and feeding areas (许多动物有迁入其栖息地或经过长途旅行迁移到别的生态环境中的习性。在水生环境中的动物位移通常是水平或垂直方向上的；而在陆生环境中，夏季在高山带或亚高山带繁殖的动物群体会在冬季迁移到较低的地方；动物位移通常遵循其生理周期，同时也与它们是否有必要寻找繁殖、休眠和捕食地有关。) |
| 动物住所 | animal housing Any kind of shelter, refuge affording protection to animals (可以给动物提供保护的任意庇护所。) |
| 动物健康 | animal health |
| 动物噪音 | animal noise Noise caused by animals such as dogs kept in kennels or in private homes as pets (动物比如在宠物园或者家里被当作宠物饲养的狗，所发出的噪音。) |
| 动物学 | zoology The study of animals, including their classification, structure, physiology, and history (对动物的研究，包括其分类、结构、生理和历史。) |
| 动物实验 | animal experiment Investigation carried out in animals for research purposes (在动物身上实行的用于研究的调查，实验。) |
| 动物庇护所 | animal shelter A protection providing housing for animals in bad weather (在天气恶劣时为动物提供住所的保护地。) |
| 动物废弃物 | animal waste Discarded material from industries directly associated with the raising of animals, such as those wastes produced by livestock farming (manure, milk, etc.), meat production and animal testing (animal bodies, animal parts, feathers, etc.) and fur breeding (fur, blood, etc.) (直接与动物饲养有关的产业所产生的废弃物，例如由畜牧业(粪肥、牛奶等)、肉类加工和动物实验(动物躯体、动物肢体、动物羽毛等)、皮毛兽育种(皮毛、血液等)产生的废弃物。) |
| 动物性纺织纤维 | animal textile fibre A filament or threadlike strand derived from animals that manufacturers use to produce clothes or other goods that require weaving, knitting or felting, which include silk, wool, mohair and other forms of animal hair (取自于动物的丝线，它被制造商以纺织、编织或毡合的方式来制造衣服或其它物品，包括蚕丝、羊毛、安哥拉毛和其它形式之动物毛发。) |
| 动物排泄物 | animal excrement Waste matter discharged from the body of an animal (从动物身体中排泄出的废物。) |
| 动物权利 | animal rights Just claims, legal guarantees or moral principles accorded to sentient, non-human species, including freedom from abuse, consumption, experimentation, use as clothing or performing for human entertainment (基于对有感知能力的非人类物种的法律保护或道德原则的宣告，包括不受虐待、不被滥用、不被用作实验品、不为娱乐人类而被用作服饰或表演的自由。) |
| 动物残留 | animal remain Any substances or components left over from animal life, including body parts and, later, decomposed materials (动物身上残留的任何物质或成分，包括身体的某个部分，末期的部分，已分解的成分。) |
| 动物物种再引进 | animal species reintroduction Attempts made to prevent the extinction of threatened species and populations by reintroducing them in their natural habitat. The reintroduction of species in a region requires a preliminary study to establish the reasons of their disappearance and the modifications that might have occurred in the biotopes (将受威胁物种再引进到自然栖息地以防止物种灭绝。 物种的再引进需要对它们消失的原因以及其生态环境的更动进行初步研究。) |
| 动物物种引进 | introduction of animal species Animals which have been translocated by human agency into lands or waters where they have not lived previously, at least during historic times. Such translocation of species always involves an element of risk if not of serious danger. Newly arrived species, depending on their interspecific relationships and characteristics, may act as or carry parasites or diseases, prey upon native organisms, display toxic reactions, or be highly competitive with or otherwise adversely affect native species and communities (被人类机构移位到所在地以前，至少有历史可查时期，没有存在于土地或水中的动物。这种物种移位总会涉及一定的风险，有时甚至于是严重危机。取决于所引进物种的种间关系和特点，他们可以作为或携带侵食本地生物的寄生虫或疾病，引起毒素反应，或者与本地物种相比具有高度竞争力，或以其他方式严重影响本地物种和群落。) |
| 动物生产 | animal production No definition needed (无需定义。) |
| 动物生命 | animal life No definition needed (无需定义。) |
| 动物生存地 | animal habitat The locality in which an animal naturally grows or lives. It can be either the geographical area over which it extends, or the particular station in which an animal is found (动物自然生长和生存的地方。 此处是动物所遍及的地理区域，或者指某种动物被发现的特别位置。) |
| 动物生态学 | animal ecology A study of the relationships of animals to their environment (对动物及其与周围环境的关系的研究。) |
| 动物生殖 | animal reproduction Any of various processes, either sexual or asexual, by which an animal produces one or more individuals similar to itself (动物死亡后所留下的任何物质或成分，包括躯体，及后来的降解物质。) |
| 动物生物学 | animal biology The scientific study of the natural processes of animals (研究动物的自然过程的科学) |
| 动物生理学 | animal physiology Study of the normal processes and metabolic functions of animal organisms (对于动物组织的正常处理和代谢的研究。) |
| 动物的选择性饲养 | selective breeding of animals Breeding of animals having desirable characters (养育具有所希望特性的动物。) |
| 动物穿越地带 | crossing place for animals Bridges and tunnels provided for animals for crossing roads and railways. Railway and road infrastructures represent an hindrance to wildlife migration (为动物穿越道路或铁轨所提供的桥梁或隧道；道路或铁轨的建设野生生物迁移的阻碍。) |
| 动物耕种 | animal husbandry A branch of agriculture concerned with the breeding and feeding of domestic animals (与家养动物的繁殖和喂养有关的一个农业分支。) |
| 动物营养 | animal nutrition Ingestion, digestion and/or assimilation of food by animals (动物对于食物的摄入，消化或者同化作用。) |
| 动物行为 | animal behaviour Behaviour of animals in their normal environment, including all the processes, both internal and external, by which they respond to changes in their environment (正常环境下动物的行为，包括动物对环境改变所产生的内在和外在反应。) |
| 动物行为学 | ethology The study of animal behaviour in a natural context (在自然环境下动物行为的研究。) |
| 动物资源 | animal resource No definition needed (无需定义。) |
| 动物遗产 | animal heritage The sum of the earth's or a particular region's non-human, non-vegetable, multicellular organisms viewed as the inheritance of the present generation, especially animal species deemed worthy of preservation and protection from extinction (地球上或特定地区非人类、非植物、多细胞有机体的数量，它们被视为目前世代所留的遗产，尤其是濒临灭绝而应被保护和保存的动物。) |
| 动物饲养 | feeding of animals The act and effect of supplying animals with food (给动物喂食的动作和效果。) |
| 包壳废物 | cladding waste |
| 化学毒物信息系统 | Chemical Toxic Substances Information System |
| 化学污染物 | chemical pollutant |
| 化学、生物和环境的 | chemical, biological and environmental |
| 协同作用的有毒物质 | synergistic effect of toxic substances 1. A state in which the combined effect of two or more substances is greater than the sum of the separate effects. 2. An effect whereby two toxic substance together have more of an impact than anticipated (1. 在一个国家里，两个或两个以上的物质结合效果总和比单独作用的效果强。 2. 作用，使两种有毒物质具有一个共同的影响比预期的更强。) |
| 博物馆 | museum A place or building where objects of historical, artistic, or scientific interest are exhibited, preserved or studied (有历史、艺术或科学价值的物品展出、保存、研究的地方或建筑物。) |
| 卤化物 | halogenated compound A substance containing halogen atoms (含有卤素原子的物质。) |
| 卤化污染物 | halogenated pollutant An organic compound bonded with one of the five halogen elements (astatine, bromine, chlorine, fluorine, and iodine). Several of these compounds contribute to reductions in the concentration of ozone in the stratosphere (与五种卤素元素(砈、溴、氯、氟、碘)中的任何一种元素键结的有机化合物。许多此类化合物会减少平流层中臭氧的浓度。) |
| 卤化碳氢化合物 | halogenated hydrocarbon One of a group of halogen derivatives of organic hydrogen and carbon containing compounds; the group includes monohalogen compounds (alkyl or aryl halides) and polyhalogen compounds that contain the same or different halogen atoms (含有卤素的有机碳氢化合物的衍生物，此类化合物包含单一卤素化合物(烷基或芳香族化合物)和含有相同或不同卤素的多卤素化合物。) |
| 危险物 | hazard A physical or chemical agent capable of causing harm to persons, property, animals, plants or other natural resources (一种能够对个人、财产、动物、植物、或其他自然资源造成危害的物理性或化学性介质。) |
| 危险物质的技术法规 | technical regulation for dangerous substances Technical Guideline for Dangerous Substances: technical rules for handling dangerous materials (危险物质的技术规范：为处理危险材料的技术规则。) |
| 危险货物的运输 | transportation of dangerous goods |
| 原核生物 | procaryote Organisms (i.e. prokaryotes) whose genetic material (filaments of DNA) is not enclosed by a nuclear membrane, and that do not possess mitochondria or plastids. Bacteria and cyanophyta are the only prokaryotic organisms (生物(即原核生物)，其遗传物质(DNA的细丝)不是核膜封闭式的，不具备线粒体或质体。细菌和蓝藻是唯一的原核微生物。) |
| 原生动物 | protozoan A diverse phylum of eukaryotic microorganisms; the structure varies from a simple uninucleate protoplast to colonial forms, the body is either naked or covered by a test, locomotion is by means of pseudopodia or cilia or flagella, there is a tendency toward universal symmetry in floating species and radial symmetry in sessile types, and nutrition may be phagotrophic or autotrophic or saprozoic (真核微生物，结构简单的单核原生体。) |
| 同位素放射性示踪物 | radioactive tracer |
| 同化物分配 | distribution of assimilates |
| 同化产物储备不足 | inadequate carbohydrate reserve |
| 啮齿类动物 | rodent Any of the relatively small placental mammals that constitute the order Rodentia, having constantly growing incisor teeth specialized for gnawing (构成重齿目的任何相对小的哺乳动物，有不断生长的用于咬的特殊门牙。) |
| 噪声污染物 | noise pollutant Noise in the environment which can be harmful to human beings, animals and plants (在环境中可对人体、动物和植物造成伤害的噪声。) |
| 土壤污染物 | soil pollutant Solid, liquid and gaseous substances that detrimentally alter the natural condition of the soil (改变土壤的自然状况的，有害的固态、液态和气态物质。) |
| 土壤生物学 | soil biology The study of the living organisms, mainly microorganisms and microinvertebrates which live within the soil, and which are largely responsible for the decomposition processes vital to soil fertility (生物体的研究，该生物体主要是指生活在土壤内的微生物和无脊椎动物，主要研究土壤分解，对土壤肥沃程度起至关重要的作用。) |
| 土壤矿物学 | soil mineralogy Study of the formation, occurrence, properties, composition, and classification of the minerals present in the soil (对目前土壤中矿物质的形成、发生、性质和组成的研究。) |
| 在发散污染物附近 | nearby emitter |
| 地球物理学 | geophysics The physics of the earth and its environment, that is, earth, air and space (地球和地球环境的物理构造，也就是地球、大气和太空。) |
| 地球物理环境 | geophysical environment The physical earth and its surroundings, consisting of the oceans and inland waters, lower and upper atmosphere, space, land masses and land forms (物理上的地球和其包围的环境，包括海洋、内陆水、低空和高空大气圈、太空、陆地块、陆地地形等。) |
| 块根农作物 | root crop Plants which store edible material in a root, corm or tuber; root crops used as food vegetables or fodder include carrots, parsnips, swedes and turnips; starchy root crops include potatoes, cassavas and yams (根、球茎或块茎且能食用的植物；块根农作物作为食物、蔬菜或草料包括胡萝卜、欧洲防风草、甘蓝和萝卜；淀粉块根作物包括马铃薯、木薯和红薯。) |
| 外来物种 | exotic species Plants, animals or microorganisms which are introduced by humans into areas where they are not native. Exotics are often associated with negative ecological consequences for native species and the ecosystems (植物、动物或微生物被人类带到了非原生地。外来者通常会对本土物种和生态系统带来生态上的负面影响。) |
| 外科手术废弃物 | surgical waste Any tissue, blood or mucus removed during surgery or autopsy, soiled surgical dressings, or other materials requiring special disposal procedures (在手术或尸体解剖中被清除的任何组织，血液或粘液，手术敷料或需要特殊处理程序的其它材料。) |
| 多环碳氢化合物 | polycyclic hydrocarbon Hydrocarbon molecule with two or more nuclei; examples are naphtalene, with two benzene rings side by side, or diphenyl, with two bond-connected benzene rings. Also known as polynuclear hydrocarbon (碳氢分子与两种或两种以上的细胞核相结合，例子包括萘；有两个苯环，肩并肩，或二苯，有两个连接键的苯环。也称为多核碳氢化合物。) |
| 多环芳香碳氢化合物 | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Hydrocarbons containing two or more closed rings of atoms (包含两个或多个闭合原子结构的环状碳氢化合物。) |
| 大件废弃物 | bulky waste Large items of waste material, such as appliances, furniture, large auto parts, trees, branches, stumps, etc. (大件的废弃材料，如电器、家具、大的汽车零件、树、树枝、树桩等。) |
| 大气物理 | atmospheric physics The study of the physical phenomena of the atmosphere (研究大气中物理现象的科学。) |
| 大气沉降物 | atmospheric fallout The sedimentation of dust or fine particles from the atmosphere (大气中尘土或者微粒的沉降。) |
| 大气注人污染物 | atmospheric immissions |
| 大猎物 | big game Large wild animals that weigh typically more than 30 lb when fully grown, hunted for food, sport or profit (完全长大时，体重通常超过30磅的大型野生动物，为了食物、运动或利润的追杀。) |
| 天然纪念物 | natural monument A natural/cultural feature which is of outstanding or unique value because of its inherent rarity, representative of aesthetic qualities or cultural significance. Guidance for selection of a natural monument is: 1. The area should contain one or more features of outstanding significance (appropriate natural features include spectacular waterfalls, caves, craters, fossil beds, sand dunes and marine features, along with unique or representative fauna and flora; associated cultural features might include cave dwellings, cliff-top forts, archaeological sites, or natural sites which have heritage significance to indigenous peoples).; 2. The area should be large enough to protect the integrity of the feature and its immediately related surroundings (因为它内在的稀有性、审美质量或者文化意义上的代表性而具有杰出或者独特价值的一个自然/文化特征。 对一座天然纪念物选择的指导是： a.此地区应该包含一个或更多杰出意义的特点(合适的自然特征包括壮观的瀑布、山洞，火山口、化石层、沙丘和海，伴随独特或者有代表性的动植物群；相关的文化特征可以包括对当地人有遗产意义的窑洞、悬崖堡垒、考古遗址或者自然场所); b.地区应该大得足以保护其特征和紧密相关的环境的完整性。) |
| 头足纲动物如章鱼, 某些海洋动物，组成最高级的软体动物类，包括鱿鱼、章鱼、鹦鹉螺。 | cephalopod Exclusively marine animals constituting the most advanced class of the Mollusca, including squid, octopuses, and Nautilus |
| 季节性生物节律 | seasonal biological rhythm |
| 宠物 | pet An animal which is kept in the home as a companion and treated affectionately (养在家里作为伴侣的动物。) |
| 屠宰动物 | slaughtering of animals Killing of animals for food (杀动物以食用。) |
| 屠宰场废物 | slaughterhouse waste Animal body parts cut off in the preparation of carcasses for use as food. This waste can come from several sources including slaughterhouses, restaurants, stores and farms (在取食作为食物的畜体时切除的动物身体的那部分，这些废料有屠宰场、餐馆、商店和农场等几个来源。) |
| 常温动物 | warm-blooded animal Animal which has a body temperature that stays the same and does not change with the temperature of its surroundings (体温保持不变且不随周围环境温度而改变的动物。) |
| 年死被物生产量 | annual litter production |
| 底物链磷酸化 | substrate-chain phosphorylation |
| 底栖生物 | benthos Those organisms attached to, living on, in or near the sea bed, river bed or lake floor (那些生活在海床中或附近，河床或湖底的生物。) |
| 废物处置委员会 | Waste Management Board |
| 废物处置系统 | waste management system |
| 放射性废物煅烧设施 | waste calcination facility |
| 废物的化学处理 | chemical treatment of waste |
| 废物管理 | waste management The total supervision of waste production, handling, processing, storage, and transport from its point of generation to its final acceptable disposal (从废物的产生、处理、加工、存储以及从产生地到最终可接受处理的运输的总监督。) |
| 废物转变成能源 | conversion of refuse to energy |
| 废弃物状态 | state of waste |
| 废弃的药物 | discarded medicinal drug |
| 废矿物弃置场 | spoil dump Place where rubbish and waste minerals dug out of a mine are deposited (矿井中挖出的垃圾和废物的存放的地方。) |
| 开花植物 | flowering plant Plants capable of producing conspicuous flowers (能产生明显花朵的植物。) |
| 异生物质 | xenobiotic substance A substance which would not normally be found in a given environment, and usually means a toxic chemical which is entirely artificial, such as a chlorinated aromatic compound or an organomercury compound (通常不会在特定环境中发现的一种物质，通常是指完全人为的和有毒的化学物质，如氯化芳香族化合物或有机汞化合物。) |
| 弱可降解物质 | weakly degradable substance A substance that is not easily converted to another, usually less complex compound (该物质不容易转换为另一种物质，通常是不太复杂的化合物。) |
| 强放射性废物 | high level waste |
| 当地发射污染物 | local emitters |
| 当地注人污染物 | local immissions |
| 美国得克萨斯州固体废物处置条例 | Texas Solid Waste Disposal Act |
| 总溶解固形物 | total dissolved solid |
| 战争残留物的处置 | disposal of warfare materials Disposal of the material remnants of war, which can seriously impede development and cause injuries and the loss of lives and property. The disposal of warfare waste is problematic because it can be highly dangerous, toxic, long-living and requires the utilization of specific and sophisticated technologies, particularly in the case of mines and unexploded bombs which have been left on the war territories (战争残留物质的处理，这些物质能严重妨碍发展并引起生命财产的伤害与损失。 处理战争残余物是一个很难解决的问题，因为这些物质具有高度危险性、毒性、持久性，并且必须利用特殊而复杂的技术，尤其是当有地雷和未爆弹遗弃在战区时。) |
| 抗旱作物 | drought-tolerant crop |
| 持久性有机污染物 | persistent organic pollutant (在环境中不能降解且保持原状的有机污染物。更强的持久性污染物也许会导致更有害的环境效果。 (Organic pollutants that do not break down chemically and remain in the environment. Pollutants with higher persistence may produce more harmful environmental effects)) |
| 持久的有机污染物质简写为POP | persistent organic pollutant |
| 挖泥机捞出物 | dredged material |
| 挥发性物质 | volatile substance A substance capable of readily changing from a solid or liquid form to a vapour; having a high vapour pressure and a low boiling point (一种容易从固体或液体转变为气体的物质；具有高蒸汽压力和低的沸点。) |
| 挥发性有机化合物 | volatile organic compound Organic compound readily passing off by evaporation (容易蒸发的有机化合物。) |
| 挺水的植物 | emersed vegetation |
| 挺水的植物 | emergent vegetation |
| 排出物参数监控 | parametric emission monitoring |
| 美国环保署排放物限制指南 | effluent-limitation guidelines |
| 攀援植物 | climbing plant A plant that lacks rigidity and grows upwards by twining, scrambling, or clinging with tendrils and suckers; wall (一种柔软的植物，通过缠绕、攀爬或用卷须和吸根粘贴向上长着。) |
| 放射性物质 | radioactive substance Any substance that contains one or more radionuclides of which the activity or the concentration cannot be disregarded as far as radiation protection is concerned (包含一到多种放射性核素的物质。这种放射性核素的活性和浓度是辐射保护时要注意的。) |
| 放射性物质滴落 | trickle of radioactive material |
| 放射性尘降物 | radioactive fallout The material that descends to the earth or water well beyond the site of a surface or subsurface nuclear explosion (降落到地上或水井中的物质，可以由核爆发所引起，但一般超出了地表或地下的核爆发范围。) |
| 放射性废物最后处理 | terminal disposal of radwaste |
| 放射性废弃物 | radioactive dumping Waste generated by the emission of particulate or electromagnetic radiation resulting from the decay of the nuclei of unstable elements (由不稳定的原子核衰变导致的微粒或电磁辐射放射产生的废弃物。) |
| 放射性污染物 | radioactive pollutant A substance undergoing spontaneous decay or disintegration of atomic nuclei and giving off radiant energy in the form of particles or waves, often associated with an explosion of a nuclear weapon or an accidental release from a nuclear power plant, holding facility or transporting container (物质的原子核自然分解并以粒子或微波的形式释放射线。这种污染多发生在核武器爆炸或核能工厂、收容所或运输容器的事故中。) |
| 放射显迹物 | radioactive tracer |
| 整体排放物毒性 | whole effluent toxicity |
| 文物 | cultural goods |
| 易燃物 | inflammable substance Substance liable to catch fire (容易着火的物质。) |
| 景物标识 | scene identification A numeric string which uniquely identifies an image component of a geographical information system database (唯一定义地理信息系统数据库中的图像部件的数字串。) |
| 有害危险物质 | hazardous substance Any material that poses a threat to human health and/or the environment. Typical hazardous substances are toxic, corrosive, ignitable, explosive, or chemically reactive (指能对人类健康或环境产生威胁的物质，典型的有害物质通常是有毒、具腐蚀性、易燃、易爆炸或具化学反应性的物品。) |
| 有害物质立法 | hazardous substances legislation A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate the production, use or clean-up of materials that pose a threat to human health and the environment, particularly materials that are toxic, corrosive, ignitable, explosive or chemically reactive (政府为管制对人体健康及环境具有威胁物质的生产、使用或清除,所规定必须遵守的规则或法体，特别是指具有毒性、腐蚀性、可燃性、爆炸性或化学反应性的物质。) |
| 有害物质阈值 | threshold of harmfulness |
| 有害物质阈值 | threshold of noxiousness |
| 有害作业物质 | hazardous working material A poison, corrosive agent, flammable substance, explosive, radioactive chemical, or any other material which can endanger human health or well-being if handled improperly (一种有毒的、有腐蚀性的介质、易燃物、易爆物、放射性化学品或其他任何若处理不当则可危及人类健康或福祉的物质。) |
| 有害固体废物修正案 | Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendment |
| 有害废物作业和应急对策 | Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response |
| 有害废弃物 | hazardous waste Any waste or combination of wastes with the potential to damage human health, living organisms or the environment. Hazardous wastes usually require special handling and disposal procedures which are regulated by national and international laws (对人类健康、生物体或环境具有潜在危害作用的任何废弃物或废弃物的混合。有害废弃物通常需要特殊的处理与处置程序，而这些程序由国家或国际性法律所管制。) |
| 有害废弃物弃置场 | hazardous waste dump Disposal facilities where hazardous waste is placed in or on land. Properly designed and operated landfills are lined to prevent leakage and contain systems to collect potentially contaminated surface water run-off (地面或地下的有害废弃物处置场所。经由适当设计和操作的掩埋场，其底部舖设防水布以防止泄漏，并设置污水收集系统以防止有可能被污染的地表水溢流。) |
| 美国有害有机污染物国家排放标准 | Hazardous Organic National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants |
| 美国有害有机污染物国家排放标准 | Hazardous Organic Neshap |
| 有害空气污染物 | hazardous air pollutants |
| 有害空气污染物 | hazardous air pollutant |
| 有机物 | organism An individual constituted to carry out all life functions (具有所有生命功能的个体) |
| 有机物质材料 | organic substance |
| 有机物 | organic matter Plant and animal residue that decomposes and becomes a part of the soil (植物和动物的残留物，分解并成为土壤的一部分。) |
| 有机无机 物质 | inorganic substance |
| 有机无机 物质 | organic substance |
| 有机物质 | organic substance Chemical compounds, based on carbon chains or rings and also containing hydrogen with or without oxygen, nitrogen, or other elements (含碳原子的化合物，通常还包含氢原子，可以包含氧、氮及其它元素。) |
| 有机卤素化合物 | organohalogen compound Organic compounds containing a C-halogen bond (含碳和卤素的化合物。) |
| 有机死被物 | organic litter |
| 有机氧化合物 | organooxygen compound Compounds, both aliphatic and aromatic, which have a C-O bond, including alcohols, aldehydes, etc. (化合物，脂肪族和芳香族，包括酒精、醋醛等。) |
| 有机氮化合物 | organonitrogen compound Organic compounds having a C-N bond (含碳和氮的化合物。) |
| 有机氯类化合物 | organochlorine compound Organic compounds containing a C-Cl bond (含碳和氯的化合物。) |
| 有机污染物 | organic pollutant A plant- or animal-produced pollutant containing mainly carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (植物或动物产生的污染物，主要含碳、氢和氧。) |
| 有机污染物的持久性 | persistence of pesticides The ability of a chemical to retain its molecular integrity and hence its physical, chemical, and functional characteristics in the environment through which such a chemical may be transported and distributed for a considerable period of time (具备这种能力的化学物质，能保持其分子完整性的物理、化学和功能特点。在环境中，这样的化学物质可能被保持一段时间。) |
| 有机硅化合物 | organosilicon compound Any natural substance composed of two or more unlike atoms held together by chemical bonds and containing silicon, a non-metallic element often found in rocks or minerals (由两个或多个化学键构成且包含硅的原子，该非金属元素在岩石或矿物中经常被发现。) |
| 有机硫化合物 | organosulphur compound One of a group of substances which contain both carbon and sulfur (含碳和硫的化合物。) |
| 有机磷化合物 | organophosphorous compound Pesticides that contain phosphorous; short-lived, but some can be toxic when first applied (包含亚磷的杀虫剂；一些是有毒性的。) |
| 有机金属化合物 | organometallic compound Molecules containing carbon-metal linkage; a compound containing an alkyl or aryl radical bonded to a metal (分子化合物含碳和金属链；或者含有烷基芳的粘结金属。) |
| 有机锡化合物 | organotin compound Chemical compounds used in anti-foulant paints to protect the hulls of boats and ships, buoys and pilings from marine organisms such as barnacles (用于油漆的化合物，可以保护小船的船身和船体、浮体和打桩免受海洋有机物的破坏，包括眼镜薄膜。) |
| 有毒物质 | toxic substance |
| 有毒物质阈值 | threshold of toxicity |
| 有毒物质阈值 | threshold of poisonousness |
| 有毒注人污染物 | noxious immissions |
| 有毒混合物 | toxic compound |
| 有益生物 | beneficial organism Any pollinating insect, or any pest predator, parasite, pathogen or other biological control agent which functions naturally or as part of an integrated pest management program to control another pest (任何有自然功能或者作为综合虫害管理方案的一部分来控制另外一种害虫的授粉昆虫，或任何害虫捕食者，寄生虫，病原体或其他生物控制剂。) |
| 有花植物 | phanerogam Plants that produce seeds. The group comprises the Gymnospermae and the Angiospermae (植物产生种子。这类植物包括裸子植物门和被子植物门。) |
| 有螯角肢的动物 | chelicerate A subphylum of the phylum Artrophoda; chelicerae are characteristically modified as pincers (Artrophoda亚门，螯角的特点就是像钳子。) |
| 有袋目哺乳动物 | marsupial Type of Australian mammal with a pouch in which the young are carried. Marsupials give birth to young at a much earlier stage of development than other mammals so that the young need to be protected in the mother's pouch for some months until they become able to look after themselves (澳大利亚哺乳动物种类，其长有承载幼子的袋子。有袋动物幼崽生在一个比其他动物早很多的早期发育阶段，使得其需要在母亲的保护袋中被保护数月直至其能够照顾自己。) |
| 机动车辆排放物 | motor vehicle emission The formation and discharge of gaseous and particulate pollutants into the environment chiefly from car, truck and bus exhaust (进入环境的气态和颗粒污染物的排放主要来自汽车、卡车和公共汽车废气。) |
| 杂环化合物 | heterocyclic compound Compound in which the ring structure is a combination of more than one kind of atom (环状结构中含有一种以上不同原子的化合物。) |
| 极危险物质 | extremely hazardous substances |
| 树脂植物 | resinous plant Plants yielding or producing resin (产生树脂的植物。) |
| 核物理 | nuclear physics The study of the characteristics, behaviour and internal structures of the atomic nucleus (原子核的特征、行为和内部结构的研究。) |
| 原子核物理学 | nuclear physics |
| 栽培植物 | cultivated plant Plants specially bred or improved by cultivation (通过栽培进行特殊培养或改良的植物。) |
| 植物生物, 从无机物质中摄取食物，拥有纤维素细胞壁，缓慢的和经常性的对刺激产生反应，缺乏专门的传感器和神经系统，并且有运动力量的生物体。 | plant Any living organism that typically synthesizes its food from inorganic substances, possesses cellulose cell walls, responds slowly and often permanently to a stimulus, lacks specialized sense organs and nervous system, and has no powers of locomotion; biology |
| 植物生物学, 一个特定的地理区域或环境的植物生命特征。 | flora biology, The plant life characterizing a specific geographic region or environment |
| 植物保健 | plant health care |
| 植物保护 | plant protection Conservation of plant species that may be rare or endangered, and of other plants of particular significance (保护植物物种，具有特殊意义的稀有或濒危植物。) |
| 植物保护产品 | plant protection product Any substance or mixture of substances which through physiological action protects the plants against parasites, fungi, virus, or other damaging factors (通过使用物质或混合物质保护植物生理作用，防止寄生虫、真菌、病毒、或其它破坏性因素。) |
| 植物保护品测试 | testing of plant protection products Tests performed to establish the effectiveness of pesticides under a wide variety of climatic and other environmental conditions; to assess the possible side effects on animals, plants and humans and to determine the persistence of pesticide residues in the environment (在各种各样的气候和其他环境条件下为确定农药的效力而进行的测试；评估可能出现的对动物、植物和人类的副作用，且确定环境中农药的残留量。) |
| 植物反应 | plant response |
| 植物园 | botanical garden A place in which plants are grown, studied and exhibited (植物生长的地方、研究和展出的地方。) |
| 植物园 | arboretum Collection of trees from different parts of the world, grown for scientific study (来自全球各地的植物精选，作科学研究用途。) |
| 植物园温室iciba, 为保护植物中的稀有物种的园林。 | botanical conservatory Gardens for the conservation of rare species of plants |
| 植物学 | botany A branch of the biological sciences which embraces the study of plants and plant life (生物科学的分支，包含了植物和植物生活的研究。) |
| 植物废料 | vegetable waste Waste, comprised mainly of vegetable matter, which is capable of being decomposed by microorganisms (主要包含植物物质的废料，它能被微生物所分解。) |
| 植物控制 | plant control |
| 植物来源 | plant resource No definition needed (无需定义。) |
| 植物检疫处理 | phytosanitary treatment Removal of heavy metals from water by the employment of plants or treatment by which plant organisms act to degrade hazardous organic contaminants or transform hazardous inorganic contaminants to environmentally safe levels in soils, subsurface materials, water, sludges, and residues (从水中去除重金属，由植物降解有机污染物，减轻危害行为，实现环保安全。降低危险无机污染物在土壤表层材料的水平，包括水、污泥、残留。) |
| 植物毒性 | phytotoxicity |
| 植物油 | vegetable oil An edible, mixed glyceride oil derived from plants (fruit, leaves, and seeds), including cottonseed, linseed, tung, and peanut; used in food oils, shortenings, soaps, and medicine, and as a paint drying oil (一种可食用的混合甘油酯油，来自于植物(果实、树叶、种子)，包括棉籽，亚麻籽，桐籽，花生；用于食用油、起酥油、肥皂、医药和油漆干燥油。) |
| 植物物种 | plant species Species belonging to the plant kingdom (植物王国中的物种。) |
| 植物物种引进 | introduction of plant species Plants which have been translocated by human agency into lands or waters where they have not lived previously, at least during historic times. Such translocation of species always involves an element of risk if not of serious danger. Newly arrived species may be highly competitive with or otherwise adversely affect native species and communities. Some may become a nuisance through sheer overabundance. They may become liable to rapid genetic changes in their new environment. Many harmful introductions have been made by persons unqualified to anticipate the often complex ecological interaction which may ensue. On the other hand many plants introduced into modified or degraded environments may be more useful than native species in controlling erosion or in performing other positive functions (被人类机构移位到所在地以前，至少有历史可查时期，没有存在过的土地或水中的植物。这种物种移位总会涉及一定的风险，有时甚至于是严重危机。与本地物种相比，新引进的物种可能具有高度竞争力，或者它们可能以其他方式严重影响本地物种和群落。在新环境中它们可能变得易于进行快速的基因突变。对可能随之发生的复杂的生态学反应，由于人类作出的预测不合格，已经做出了很多有害的引进。另一方面，许多被引入退化或改变过的环境中的植物可能会比本地植物在控制水土流失或发挥其他积极作用方面更有优势。) |
| 植物物种的重新引入 | plant species reintroduction Reintroducing wild plant species to their natural habitat. The reintroduction of species in a region requires a preliminary study to establish the reasons of their disappearance and the modifications that might have occurred in the biotopes (将野生植物物种重新引入它们的栖息地。在一个地区恢复物种需要初步的研究，发现它们失踪的原因，按照生态群落中可能发生的情况进行改变。) |
| 植物生产 | plant production No definition needed (无需定义。) |
| 植物生命 | plant life No definition needed (无需定义。) |
| 植物生态学 | plant ecology Study of the relationships between plants and their environment (研究植物及其环境的关系。) |
| 植物生态学者 | plant ecologist |
| 植物生物学 | plant biology The scientific study of the natural processes of plants (植物自然过程的科学研究。) |
| 植物生理学 | plant physiology The study of the function and chemical reactions within the various organs of plants (,植物不同器官的功能和化学反应。) |
| 植物病害 | plant disease |
| 植物病理学 | phytopathology The study of plant diseases and their control (植物病和对其控制的研究。) |
| 植物的选择性饲养 | selective breeding of plants Breeding of plants having desirable characters (养育具有所希望特性的植物。) |
| 植物相重建 | flora restoration The process of returning plant ecosystems and habitats to their original conditions (恢复植物生态系统和原生境条件的过程。) |
| 植物社会学 | phytosociology The study of vegetation, including the organization, interdependence, development, geographical distribution and classification of plant communities (植被研究，包括植物的组织、相互依存、发展、地理分布和植物群落的分类。) |
| 植物繁殖 | plant reproduction Any of various processes, either sexual or asexual, by which a plant produces one or more individuals similar to itself (各种各样的植物繁殖过程，包括有性或无性繁殖。植物生产一个或多个类似本身的个体。) |
| 植物纺织品纤维 | plant textile fibre Natural textile fibres of vegetal origin (纺织纤维的天然植物源。) |
| 植物组成 | plant component The constituent parts of a plant (植物的组成部分。) |
| 植物群体 | plant population The number of plants in an area (植物的数量。) |
| 植物群相劣化 | bastardisation of flora One of the possible consequences of the introduction of plant species in an area where they are not indigenous (某一地区因引进非原生于此地的植物所造成的可能后果之一。) |
| 植物群落 | plant community Any group of plants belonging to a number of different species that co-occur in the same habitat or area and interact through trophic and spatial relationships; typically characterized by reference to one or more dominant species (属于数个不同植物物种的集合，在同一环境或地区通过营养和空间关系，形成一个或多个的优势物种。) |
| 植物贸易 | plant trade Trade of plants is subjected to regulations established by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) (植物贸易要遵从国际贸易大会建立的章程(援引)。) |
| 植物选种 | plant selection The selection by man of particular genotypes in a plant population because they exhibit desired phenotypic characters (由人对植物的特殊基因型进行选择，因为这些基因型呈现所需的显性特征。) |
| 植物遗产 | plant heritage The sum of the earth's or a particular region's herb, vegetable, shrub and tree life viewed as the inheritance of the present generation, especially plant species deemed worthy of preservation and protection from extinction (特定地区的草本植物、树和灌木、蔬菜，特别是如何防止植物物种的灭绝。) |
| 植物遗传学 | plant genetics The scientific study of the hereditary material of plants for purposes such as hybridization, improved food resources and increased production (研究植物的遗传物质的学科，如杂交改良食物资源以提高产量。) |
| 植物量 | phytomass Plant biomass; any quantitative estimate of the total mass of plants in a stand, population, or within a given area, at a given time (植物总量；在某个特定的区域和特定的时间，某种植物定量估计的总质量。) |
| 次级生物群落 | secondary biotope In the case of disruption of an existing biotope, secondary biotope can be created as a compensation and substitute measure for the loss of the natural one (在已存在的群落分裂的情况下，次级群落是失去原来群落的补充和替代方法。) |
| 次级的废物处理 | secondary waste treatment |
| 欧共体关于废弃物处理的指示 | EC directive on waste disposal EC Directive whose main object concerns waste prevention, recycling and transformation into alternative energy sources (欧共体的指示，其主要目标包括废弃物的预防、回收，以及将其转化成替代能源。) |
| 欧共体关于生物性农药的指示 | EC directive on biocides Directive regulating the placing of biocidal products on the market (指示规范生物农药产品在市场上的配售。) |
| 死结构物质 | dead structural material |
| 残余产物 | residual products |
| 残留物分析 | residue analysis Analysis of residues from agricultural chemicals used in food crops and contained in foodstuff. The analyses use gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, immunoassays, etc. (对在农作物中使用并残留在食物中的农业化学品残余物的分析。该分析使用气相色谱、液相色谱、质谱、免疫等方法。) |
| 残留物回收 | residue recycling Recycling of material or energy which is left over or wasted in industrial processes and other human activities. Examples include waste heat and gaseous pollutants from electricity generation, slag from metal-ore refining, and garbage. A residual becomes an output or input when a technological advance creates economic opportunities for the waste (回收在工业过程和其它人类活动中废弃或浪费的物质或能量。例如发电产生的无用的热量和污染的气体，金属矿石提炼中产生的矿渣和垃圾。随着技术进步，废料作为输入和输出也有了经济价值。) |
| 气态污染物 | gaseous pollutant |
| 气状废物 | flue gases |
| 气状污染物 | gaseous air pollutant Uncondensed or volatile gases, usually comprised of chemical compounds, discharged to the atmosphere (凝结或挥发性气体，通常是化合物，排放到大气中。) |
| 氧化物 | oxide Binary chemical compound in which oxygen is combined with a metal or nonmetal (二元化合物与氧结合的金属或非金属元素。) |
| 氮氧化物 | nitrogen oxides Oxides formed and released in all common types of combustion; they are formed by the oxidation of atmospheric nitrogen at high temperatures. Introduced into the atmosphere from car exhausts, furnace stacks, incinerators, power stations and similar sources, the oxides include nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen pentoxide and nitric acid. The oxides of nitrogen undergo many reactions in the atmosphere to form photochemical smog (在所有常见类型的燃烧中形成和释放的氧化物，它们是由大气中的氮在高温氧化中形成的。将来自汽车废气、火炉、焚化炉、发电厂及类似来源的排放物引入大气，包括一氧化二氮、一氧化氮、二氧化氮、五氧化二氮和硝酸的氧化物。氮的氧化物经过大气中的许多反应，形成光化学烟雾。) |
| 氯化物 | chloride A compound which is derived from hydrochloric acid and contains the chlorine atom in the -1 oxidation state (一种由盐酸得到的化合物，包含-1价的氯原子。) |
| 氰化物 | cyanide Any of a group of compounds containing the CN group and derived from hydrogen cyanide, HCN (任何含有氰(CN)基的化合物和氰酸(HCN)的衍生物。) |
| 水去除矿物质 | water demineralisation The removal of minerals from water by chemical, ion-exchange, or distillation procedures (通过化学、离子交换、或蒸馏程序去除水中的矿物质。) |
| 水工结构物、水利建筑 | hydraulic construction Any structure built to route the flow of water, or to support the weight and pressure of a body of water (任何用来引导水流或支撑水体重量和压力的建筑结构。) |
| 水栖动物 | aquatic animal |
| 水污染物 | water pollutant A chemical or physical agent introduced to any body of water that may detrimentally alter the natural condition of that body of water and other associated bodies of water (引入到任何水体中、可能对水体的自然条件和其它相关水体产生不利改变的化学或物理因素。) |
| 水生物 | aquatic animal Animal having a water habitat (在水中生存的生物。) |
| 水生哺乳动物 | aquatic mammal |
| 水生微生物 | aquatic micro-organism Microorganisms having a water habitat (在水中生存的微生物。) |
| 水生植物 | aquatic plant Plants adapted for a partially or completely submerged life (部分或全部在水中适应的植物。) |
| 水生生物学 | hydrobiology Study of organisms living in water (水生生物体的相关研究。) |
| 水生附着生物 | periphyton A plant or animal organism which is attached or clings to surfaces of leaves or stems of rooted plants above the bottom stratum (一种植物或动物附着于茎叶和根植物的表面。) |
| 水的污水生物分级 | saprobic water classification |
| 污物板 | fouling plates |
| 污染物 | pollutant remobilization |
| 污染物 | pollutant Any substance, usually a residue of human activity, which has an undesirable effect upon the environment (通常是人类活动的残留物质，对环境有不良影响。) |
| 污染物停止流通 | pollutant immobilisation The treatment process used to reduce the solubility of pollutants in order to minimize possible migration or leaching or to prepare for their disposal (在处理过程中用来减少污染物的溶解性，为了减少污染物可能的迁移或为处理做准备。) |
| 污染物减少 | pollutant reduction All measures aimed at reducing pollutants often through physical or chemical removal of toxic, or potentially toxic, materials (所有旨在减少污染物的措施，通常是通过物理或化学清除有毒、或潜在有毒的材料。) |
| 污染物分布 | pollutant distribution Arrangement, or pattern, associated with the occurrence of pollutants over a geographical area (某个地理区域污染物的布置和分布模式。) |
| 污染物分析 | pollutant analysis The determination of the composition of any substance that causes pollution, using classical laboratory techniques and other methods involving analytical chemistry (任何导致污染的物质的确定构成，使用古典介入分析化学的实验技术和其它方法。) |
| 污染物动员 | pollutant mobilisation |
| 污染物危害 | hazard of pollutants Risk or danger to human health, property or the environment posed by the introduction of a harmful substances into the ecosystem (有害物质引入生态系统后，对人体健康、财产或环境所造成的危害与风险。) |
| 污染物吸附 | pollutant absorption The process by which a pollutant is physically incorporated into another substance or body (污染物被完全合并到另一种物质或体内的过程。) |
| 污染物形成 | pollutant formation The act or process in which polluting agents are created, produced or formed (污染代理创建、产生或形成的过程。) |
| 污染物扩散 | pollutant dispersion The spreading of pollutants from a point of release in air, soil and water. The dispersion of air pollutants is heavily influenced by how and where the pollutant is emitted, e.g., by continuous low-level versus accidental releases, multiple stacks versus a few, or the height of the stacks. The nature of the local terrain meteorology and the chemistry of the released material strongly influence the pattern of regional and, finally, global dispersion and transport (污染物通过传播释放到空气、土壤和水中。空气污染物扩散的问题是在哪里及如何处理污染物的排放，例如通过连续的少量的释放，或多重叠加的释放。局部地形气象学和化学物质属性会强烈影响释放的模式。最后，污染物扩散涉及到区域和全球的分散性和运输。) |
| 污染物暴露 | pollutant exposure The act or state of being subjected to a substance that adversely affects human health, property or the environment (一种物质的活动和状态，会使人体健康、财产、环境受到不利影响。) |
| 污染物来源证明 | pollutant source identification |
| 污染物水平 | pollutant level A value representing the concentration of a polluting agent in a specified area, often determined by a measuring and recording device (在一个特定的区域代表污染浓度的一个值，通常由测量和记录设备决定。) |
| 污染物流程 | pollutant flow The forward continuous motion or diffusion of polluting substances, or the rate or quantity in which polluting substances move from one place to another (在分析的基础上，得出污染物从一个地方移到另一个地方扩散的连续过程，或扩散率，或扩散数量。) |
| 污染物浓度 | pollutant concentration A measure of the amount of a polluting substance in a given amount of water, soil, air, food or other medium (测定污染物质在给定的水、土、空气、食物或其它媒介中的量。) |
| 污染物淤积 | pollutant deposition The act or process in which polluting agents settle or accumulate naturally in ecosystems (一种行为或过程，在该过程中，污染物自然地安置和累积。) |
| 污染物监测 | pollutant monitoring Periodic or continuous determination of the amount of pollutants present in the environment (周期性的或连续的确定污染物在环境中存在的量。) |
| 污染物累积 | pollutant accumulation The process by which concentrations of pollutants progressively increase in the tissues of living organisms in environments where these pollutants are present (在这个过程中，生物群落生活的环境中污染物浓度逐步增加。) |
| 污染物质 | pollutant |
| 污染物质 | polluted matter A solid, liquid or gas that has been contaminated, rendered impure or made unsafe for use (被污染的固体、液体或者气体，成分变得不纯，或使用不安全。) |
| 污染物迁移 | pollutant migration Uncontrolled movement, caused by percolation or other processes, of liquid or gaseous polluting materials from an original source area into other parts of an ecosystem (未受管制的污染物移动，造成渗透或其它过程，液体或气体从一个初始源区域进入生态系统的其它部分。) |
| 污染物途径 | pollutant pathway The retraceable route of a pollutant, from its source, through its interactions with the environment, and finally to its effect upon a target ecosystem or target organisms (从源头上可追溯的污染物，通过它与环境的相互作用最终影响目标生态系统或特定生物。) |
| 污染物释入 | pollutant immission The transfer of solid, liquid, or gaseous contaminants in the air, water, and soil (固体、液体或者气体污染物进入空气、水和土壤。) |
| 污染物鉴定 | identification of pollutants The determination of the specific substance or substances that are causing pollution (确定特定物质或引起污染的物质。) |
| 污染物降解 | pollutant degradation The physical, chemical or biological breakdown of a complex polluting material into simpler components (在物理、化学、生物分解作用下，将成分复杂的污染物变成简单的成分。) |
| 水污染生物指数 | biologic al index of water pollution |
| 污染的物理测量 | physical measurement of pollution The quantitative determination of the presence, extent or type of pollutant substances in the environment using mechanical means, including optical, electrical, acoustical and thermodynamic techniques (定量测定污染存在的程度和类型，污染物的测定中使用的机械方法包括：光学、电子学、声学和热力学的基本技术。) |
| 污染的生物效应 | biological effect of pollution Effects of pollution on living systems (污染对生物系统的的影响。) |
| 污水与工业废物处理协会联合会 | Federation of Sewage and Industrial Wastes Association |
| 污水生物 | saprobe Referring to the classification of organisms according to the way in which they tolerate pollution (按照生物忍受污染的方法分类。) |
| 污着物 | fouling |
| 沉水的植物 | submerged vegetation |
| 沉积物 | sediment Any material transported by water which will ultimately settle to the bottom after the water loses its transporting power (任何被水输送的物质，当水失去了输送力量之后，最后沉到水底。) |
| 沉积物搬运 | sediment transport The movement and carrying- away of sediment by natural agents; especially the conveyance of a stream load by suspension, saltation, solution or traction (通过自然力量移动沉积物；特别是通过溪流的悬浮、跳动、溶解或拖动来搬运。) |
| 沉积物移动 | sediment mobilisation The transport or setting in motion by wind or water of insoluble particulate matter (不能溶解的物质被风或水搬运和放置。) |
| 沉降的微粒物质 | deposited particulate matter |
| 浆状物 | pulp The cellulosic material produced by reducing wood mechanically or chemically and used in making paper and cellulose products. Also known as wood pulp (通过机械或化学的方法把木头制成纤维原料用来制纸和纤维制品，也叫做木浆。) |
| 浆状废物 | paste-like waste Waste deriving from various activities having a pasty consistency (来源于各种活动的废料，且具有浆状属性。) |
| 浮游植物 | phytoplankton Planktonic plant life (浮游植物生命。) |
| 浮游生物 | plankton Small organisms (animals, plants, or microbes) passively floating in water (小型生物(动物、植物或微生物被动地漂浮在水上)。) |
| 海洋动物 | marine fauna Animals which live in the sea (生活在海中的动物。) |
| 海洋哺乳动物 | marine mammal Mammals which have adapted to live in the sea, such as whales, dolphins, porpoises, etc. (适应生活在海上的哺乳动物，如鲸、海豚、鼠海豚等。) |
| 海洋哺乳动物保护法案 | Marine Mammal and Protection Act |
| 海洋氯化物标准平均含量 | standard mean ocean chloride |
| 海洋沉积物 | marine sediment Solid fragmental material, originated from weathering of rocks, that has settled down from a state of suspension in the water (固体断片材料，起源于岩石风化，并由水中的悬浮态沉淀而成。) |
| 海洋生物 | marine organism Organisms which live in sea water (在海水中生活的生物体。) |
| 海洋生物学 | marine biology A branch of biology that deals with those living organisms which inhabit the sea (一个生物学的分支，论述栖息在海中的生物。) |
| 海洋生物资源 | living marine resource |
| 海绵动物 | poriferan The sponges, a phylum of the animal kingdom characterized by the presence of canal systems and chambers through which water is drawn in and released; tissues and organs are absent (运河中出现的动物界的门；缺少部分组织和器官。) |
| 消失的物种 | vanished species Species which have disappeared from an area because of adverse environmental conditions (由于不良环境条件而从一个地区消失的物种。) |
| 消耗臭氧的有害物质 | ozone depleter |
| 消耗臭氧的有害物质 | ozone-depleting substance |
| 消费性废弃物 | consumer waste Materials purchased, used and discarded by the buyer, or consumer, as opposed to those discarded in a manufacturing process (顾客或消费者所购买、使用并抛弃的物质，相对于工业制造过程中抛弃的物质。) |
| 溢出物 | spillage The uncontrolled discharge, leakage, dripping or running over of fluids or liquid substances (无节制的排放，泄漏，滴水或超过液体或液体物质溢出。) |
| 潮汐海洋生物 | tidal marine life |
| 火山发射污染物 | volcanic emissions |
| 火山散发污染物 | volcanic emissions |
| 灭绝物种 | extinct species IUCN, Animal or plant species which have completely disappeared from the planet (已经从地球上完全消失的动植物。) |
| 熊科动物 | ursid A family of mammals in the order Carnivora including the bears and their allies (食肉类哺乳动物的一个种族，包括熊和它们的同类。) |
| 牛科动物 | bovid Any animal belonging to the Bovidae family (任何属于牛科家族的动物。) |
| 物理化学 | physical chemistry A science dealing with the effects of physical phenomena on chemical properties (研究物理现象的效果及化学性质的学科。) |
| 物理化学分析 | physicochemical analysis Analysis based on the physical changes associated with chemical reactions (根据物理变化分析联合化学反应。) |
| 物理化学提纯 | physicochemical purification Used to concentrate waste brines and to remove solid organics and ammonia from aqueous solutions. Physical treatment consists of reverse osmosis, dialysis, electrodialysis, evaporation, carbon, adsorption, ammonia stripping, filtration, sedimentation, and flocculation. Chemical treatment consists of ion exchange, neutralization, oxidation, reduction, precipitation, and calcination (用来集中精力去除固体有机食品中的氨。物理处理方法包括反渗透、透析、电渗析、蒸发、二氧化碳、吸附、氨剥离、过滤、沉降、絮凝。化学处理方法包括离子交换、中和、氧化、还原、降水、灼烧。) |
| 物理化学的处理 | physicochemical treatment Any processing of wastewater, toxic substances or other materials involving a combination of physical and chemical methods, such as physical processes including air-stripping or filtration and chemical processes including coagulation, chlorination or ozonation (废水的处理、借助物理和化工方法的组合毒性物质或者其它材料，例如物理过程包括空气剥离或滤清，而化学过程包括凝固、氯化或者臭氧化。) |
| 物理化学过程 | physicochemical process Processes involving changes in the physical properties and chemical structure of substances (变化过程中的物理性质和化学结构。) |
| 物理变更 | physical alteration Any change in a body or substance that does not involve an alteration in its chemical composition (身体上的任何改变或物质变化，但并不包括水作为化学成分的变化。) |
| 物理处理 | physical treatment Processes that separate components of a waste stream or change the physical form of the waste without altering the chemical structure of the constituent materials. Physical treatment techniques are often used to separate the materials within the waste stream so that they can be reused or detoxified by chemical or biological treatment or destroyed by high-temperature incineration (分离废料流中的各种成分或改变废料的物理形态，而不改变其化学结构组成。物理处理技术经常用来分离废料流，以便它们可以通过化学或生物或解毒疗法重用，或被高温焚烧销毁。) |
| 物理学 | physics The study of those aspects of nature which can be understood in a fundamental way in terms of elementary principles and laws (可以用基本方法了解基本原则和自然规律那些方面的研究。) |
| 物理属性 | physical property Property of a compound that can change without involving a change in chemical composition (无需化学成分的变化就能改变的属性。) |
| 物理性污染 | physical pollution The introduction or presence of harmful substances or forces in the environment that cause damage to the environment and its processes due to their material actions, as through vibration, thermal alteration or electromagnetic radiation (由于材料的运动引入有害物质或对环境造成损害，如通过振动、热变更或电磁辐射等。) |
| 物理污染物 | physical pollutant A pollutant characterized by its influence on environmental conditions caused by forces and operations of physics, such as noise, microwave radiation, vibration, etc. (按照该物质对环境状况污染的特点来分类，例如噪声、微波辐射、振动等。) |
| 物理海洋学 | physical oceanography The study of the physical aspects of the ocean, the movements of the sea, and the variability of these factors in relationship to the atmosphere and the ocean bottom (从物理方面研究运动的大海，各种因素的变化，以及这些因素与大气和海洋底部的关系。) |
| 物理状态 | physical conditions |
| 物理环境 | physical environment The material surroundings of a system, process or organism (系统、过程或生物体的周围物质。) |
| 物理胁迫 | physical stress |
| 物理过程 | physical process A continuous action or series of changes which alters the material form of matter (修改问题的物质形式变动的连续作用或系列。) |
| 物种保护 | conservation of species Controlled utilization, protection or development of selected classes of plants or animals for their richness, biodiversity and benefits to humanity (为维持动植物的数量、生物多样性以及对人类的利益，对选出动植物种类的控制利用、保护和发展。) |
| 物种保护 | protection of species Measures adopted for the safeguarding of species, of their ecosystems and their biodiversity (为维护鸟类的生态平衡及其多样性采取的措施。) |
| 物种再引入 | species reintroduction Reintroducing wild animal and plant species to their natural habitat. The reintroduction of species in a region requires a preliminary study to establish the reasons of their disappearance and the modifications that might have occurred in the biotopes (重新引进的野生动物和植物物种到自然栖息地。一个地区重新引进的物种需要一个初步的研究，以确定他们灭绝和可能在生物栖地发生变动的原因。) |
| 物种的保护计划 | species conservation programme An organized group of activities and procedures, often run by a government agency or a nonprofit organization, to preserve and protect living organisms designated as being at risk (一个有组织的团体活动和程序。常常由政府机构或非盈利性组织，进行维护和保护濒临危险的生物。) |
| 物种管理区国际自然与自然资源保护联合会 | species management area |
| 物种贫困化 | species impoverishment Loss of species due to factors such as climate change or random events such as persistent drought, natural catastrophe, the emergence of a new predator, or genetic mutation (由于种种因素如气候变化或持续干旱,自然灾害事件，新的肉食动物的出现，或基因突变等偶发事件的出现导致的物种损失。) |
| 物质危害指数 | substance hazard index |
| 物质平衡 | balance of matter A calculation to inventory material inputs versus outputs in a process system (在一个处理系统中，清单所列物质输入与输出的计算。) |
| 物质状态 | state of matter One of the three fundamental conditions of matter: the solid, the liquid, and gaseous states (物质的三种基本状态：固体，液体，气体状态。) |
| 物质的行为 ？？ | behaviour of substances Reactivity of a compound depending on the structure of the molecules (基于分子结构的化合物反应。) |
| 物质粒子如尘埃 | particulate matter |
| 特有植物种类分布模式 | characteristic floristic distribution pattern |
| 生物伦理学 | bioethics The study of ethical problems arising from biological research and its applications in such fields as organ transplantation, genetic engineering, or artificial insemination (在那些器官移植、基因工程或者人工受精等领域中，生物学研究及其应用引起的伦理问题的研究。) |
| 有毒化学物质的 生物体内积累 | bioaccumulation 1. The accumulation of pollutants in living organisms by direct adsorption or through food chains. 2. Accumulation by an organism of materials that are not an essential component or nutrient of that organism. Usually it refers to the accumulation of metals, but it can apply to bioaccumulation of persistent synthetic substances such as organochlorine compounds. Many organisms, such as plants, fungi and bacteria, will accumulate metals when grown in solutions containing them. The process can be employed usefully as a purification process to remove toxic heavy metals from waste water and contaminated land (1. 通过直接吸收或者通过食物链，生物体内污染物的积累。 2. 不是生物体的基本组成或者营养物质的那样一些物质在生物体的积累。通常它指金属元素的积累，但是它适用于如有机氯化合物这样的持续合成物质的生物积累。许多生物，如植物，真菌和细菌，在含有金属元素的溶液中生长，就会积累金属元素。这一过程可用作为有效净化过程，从废水和污染土地中去除有毒重金属。) |
| 生物体的意外释放 | accidental release of organisms Genetically engineered organisms that are released in the environment by mistake; once released they may exhibit some previously unknown pathogenicity, might take over from some naturally occurring bacteria (possibly having other positive functions which thus are lost) or pass on some unwanted trait to such indigenous bacteria. There is also concern that an uncontrolled genetic mutation could produce a form with hazardous consequences for the environment (由于失误而释放到环境中的基因工程生物体；一旦释放，可能会呈现一些未知的病原体，取代一些自然存在的微生物(也许由于具有其他积极作用而消失)，或者将一些特性强加给本源微生物。同时需要关注，失控的基因突变可能会给环境造成灾难性的后果。) |
| 生物保护区 | biological reserve An area of land and/or of water designated as having protected status for purposes of preserving certain biological features. Reserves are managed primarily to safeguard these features and provide opportunities for research into the problems underlying the management of natural sites and of vegetation and animal populations. Regulations are normally imposed controlling public access and disturbance (为保存某些生物特征而故意保护某一块地域或者水域的状态。保存主要是为了保障这些特征并且提供机会以便深入研究在自然遗址、植被和动物种群管理上的问题。通常要制定条例来控制公共进入和干扰。) |
| 生物分析 | biological analysis The analysis of a substance in order to ascertain its influence on living organisms (为了确定对生物的影响，对物质进行的分析。) |
| 生物功能多样性 | functional biodiversity |
| 生物动力农业 | biodynamic agriculture |
| 生物化学 | biochemistry The study of chemical substances occurring in living organisms and the reactions and methods for identifying these substances (对于在活的有机体中出现的化学物质、以及确定这些物质的反应和方法的研究。) |
| 生物反应器 | bioreactor A container, such as a large fermentation chamber, for growing living organisms that are used in the industrial production of substances such as pharmaceuticals, antibodies, or vaccines (一个供生物体生长的容器，如大型发酵室，用于工业生产制药，抗体或疫苗等。) |
| 生物发光 | bioluminescence The production of light of various colors by living organisms (e.g. some bacteria and fungi, glow-worms and many marine animals). Luminescence is produced by a biochemical reaction, which is catalyzed by an enzyme. In some animals the light is used as a mating signal; in others it may be a protective device. In deep-sea forms luminous organs may serve as lanterns (通过生物生产各种颜色的光(例如，一些细菌和真菌，夜光虫和许多海洋动物)。发光是由生化反应产生的，由酶催化。在一些动物中，光线被用作动物交配的信号;在另外一些动物中，光是一种保护设施。深海中的发光组织可以作为灯笼。) |
| 生物发展 | biological development The action of growing of living organisms (生物生长的活动。) |
| 生物合成 | biosynthesis Production, by synthesis or degradation, of a chemical compound by a living organism (在活的有机体中，通过合成或降解生产化学化合物的。) |
| 生物周期 | biological cycle A series of transformations or biological events which follow one after the other one, reaching at the end of the cycle the initial conditions, as in the life cycle of many animal and plant organisms (从初始状态开始到达周期结束又达到初始条件的过程中的一系列生物事件的转换，正如许多动物和植物的生命周期。) |
| 生物因素 | biotic factor The influence upon the environment of organisms owing to the presence and activities of other organisms, as distinct from a physical, abiotic, environmental factor (由于存在和其他生物有机体的活动对生物环境的影响。不同于物理、非生物、环境因素。) |
| 生物固氮 | biological nitrogen fixation |
| 生物圈 | biosphere That part of the Earth and atmosphere capable of supporting living organisms (地球和大气能够支持生物体的部分。) |
| 生物圈保护区 | biosphere reserve Protected land and coastal areas that are approved under the Man and Biosphere programme (MAB) in conjunction with the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). Each reserve has to have an ecosystem that is recognized for its diversity and usefulness as a conservation unit. The reserves have at least one core area where there can be no interference with the natural ecosystem. A transition zone surrounds this and within it scientific research is allowed. Beyond this is a buffer zone which protects the whole reserve from agricultural, industrial and urban development. Biosphere reserves and buffer zones were regarded as examples of a new generation of conservation techniques (在人与生物圈计划(MAB)和对濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约(CITES)中一致通过的，受保护的土地或沿海地区。每个保护区有一个因它作为保护单位的多样性和实用性受到认可的生态系统，。这些保护区至少有一个核心领域，不能受到自然生态系统的任何干扰。围绕围绕这个的过渡地带，过渡地带允许科学研究。除此之外，是一个保护整个保护区免受农业、工业和城市发展影响的的缓冲地带。生物圈保护区和缓冲区被视为一种新一代保护技术的例子。) |
| 生物地球化学 | biogeochemistry |
| 生物地理化学循环 | biogeochemical cycle Movement of chemical elements in a circular pathway, from organisms to physical environment, back to organisms. The process is termed a nutrient cycle if the elements concerned are trace elements, which are essential to life. A biogeochemical cycle occurs when vegetation decomposes and minerals are incorporated naturally in the humus for future plant growth (化学元素的运动循环，从生物到物理环境，回到生物。如果相关元素是微量元素，这个过程被称为一个养分循环，是生命的基础。一个生物地理化学循环发生在植被分解，矿物为未来植物生长被自然用于腐殖质。) |
| 生物地理区域 | biogeographical region Area of the Earth's surface defined by the species of fauna and flora it contains (根据所包含的动植物物种来定义的地球表面区域。) |
| 生物地理学研究动植物的地理分布, 与动物和植物的地理分布有关的科学。 | biogeography The science concerned with the geographical distribution of animal and plant life |
| 生物处理 | biological treatment Process that uses microorganisms to decompose organic wastes either into water, carbon dioxide, and simple inorganic substances, or into simpler organic substances, such as aldehydes and acids. The purpose of a biological treatment system is to control the environment for microorganisms so that their growth and activity are enhanced, and provide a means for maintaining high concentration of the microorganisms in contact with the wastes (使用微生物将有机物分解成水、二氧化碳和简单的无机物，或者简单的有机物，如醛和酸。一个生物处理系统的目的是控制的微生物的环境，来增强它们的生长和活动，并为维护与废弃物接触高浓度的微生物方法。提供一个方法来维持那些与废弃物接触的微生物的高浓度。) |
| 生物多样性 | biodiversity 1. Genetic diversity: the variation between individuals and between populations within a species; species diversity: the different types of plants, animals and other life forms within a region; community or ecosystem diversity: the variety of habitats found within an area - grassland, marsh, and woodland for instance. 2. An umbrella term to describe collectively the variety and variability of nature. It encompasses three basic levels of organisation in living systems: the genetic, species, and ecosystem levels. Plant and animal species are the most commonly recognized units of biological diversity, thus public concern has been mainly devoted to conserving species diversity (遗传多样性：一个物种的个体间以及群体间的变异；物种多样性：在一个区域内的植物，动物和其他生命形式的不同类型；群体或生态系统多样性：在一个地区内的栖息地的多样性(例如草地，沼泽和林地) 集中描述自然的多样性和变异性的总称。它包括生命系统的组织的三个基本层次：基因、物种和生态系统层。植物和动物物种是生物多样性最普遍认可的单位，因此，公众关注的主要是致力于保护物种多样性。) |
| 生物学 | biology A division of the natural sciences concerned with the study of life and living organisms (涉及生命和活的有机体的研究，是自然科学的一个分支。) |
| 生物学特性 | bionomics |
| 生物安全 | biosafety The combination of knowledge, techniques and equipment used to manage or contain potentially infectious materials or biohazards in the laboratory environment, to reduce or prevent harm to laboratory workers, other persons and the environment (生物安全是一种知识、技术和设备的结合，为了减少或避免损害实验室工作人员、其他人员和环境，用来在实验室环境中管理或者容纳潜在的传染性物质或生物危害。) |
| 生物富集系数 | bioconcentration factor The quotient of the concentration of a chemical in aquatic organisms at a specific time or during a discrete time period of exposure, divided by the concentration in the surrounding water at the same time or during the same period (在特定时间或在离散的时间段，在水生生物中化学物质的浓度商数；在同时或者在同一个时间段，被周边水剂浓度，除得到的商。) |
| 生物属性 | biological attribute Properties or features belonging to living organisms (属于生物体的属性或特征。) |
| 生物工程 | biological engineering The application of engineering principles and techniques to living organisms. It is largely concerned with the design of replacement body parts, such as limbs, heart valves, etc. (工程原理和技术在生物体的应用。它在很大程度上涉及如更换假肢、心脏瓣膜等身体部位的取代设计。) |
| 生物废气处理 | biological waste gas purification Processes for removing impurities from waste gas based on the employing of microorganisms (从使用微生物得到的废气中去除杂质的过程。) |
| 生物废水处理 | biological wastewater treatment Types of wastewater treatment in which biochemical or bacterial action is intensified to oxidize and stabilize the unstable organic matter present. Examples of this type of treatment use intermittent sand filters, trickling filters, and activated sludge processes and sludge digestion (废水处理的类型，通过生化或细菌作用，使目前的不稳定有机质被氧化和变得稳定。这种类型的例子，是使用间歇性砂过滤器，滴滤池，活性污泥法处理及污泥消化。) |
| 生物废物处理 | biological waste treatment A generic term applied to processes that use microorganisms to decompose organic wastes either into water, carbon dioxide, and simple inorganic substances, such as aldehydes and acids. The purpose of biological waste treatment is to control either the environment for microorganisms so that their growth and activity are enhanced, and to provide a means for maintaining high concentrations of the microorganisms in contact with the wastes (一个适用于使用微生物分解有机物的过程的通用术语。微生物把有机废弃物分解成水、二氧化碳和简单的无机物质，如醛和酸。对生物废料处理的目的是控制微生物的环境使得它们的生长和活动得到增强，并且提供一个方法来维护与废弃物接触得微生物的高浓度。) |
| 生物技术 | biotechnology A combination of biology and technology. It is used to describe developments in the application of biological organisms for commercial and scientific purposes. So "bio" stands for biology and the science of life, and "tech" stands for technology, or the tools and techniques that the biotechnologists have in their workbox. Those tools and techniques include microorganisms and a range of methods for manipulating them, such as genetic engineering (生物学与技术的结合。它是用来描述在商业和科学用途的生物有机体的应用发展。因此，"bio"代表生物学和生命科学，"tech"代表在生物技术家们拥有的技术或工具和技术，这些工具和技术包含微生物和一系列用于操作它们的方法，如基因工程。) |
| 英国生物技术及生物学委员会 | Biotechnology and Biological Council (of the United Kingdom) |
| 生物技术的社会经济影响 | socioeconomic impact of biotechnologies Biotechnology is the application of biological and technical solutions to problems, and often refers to the industrial use of microorganisms (perhaps genetically altered) to perform chemical processing, for example of waste or water, or to manufacture hormones or enzymes for medicinal and commercial purposes. Biotechnology offers great potential to increase farm production and food processing efficiency, to lower food costs, to enhance food quality and safety and to increase international competitiveness (生物技术是应用生物学和技术的办法以解决问题，往往指的是用微生物工业(也许是转基因)进行的废弃物或水的化学处理，或制造荷尔蒙或酵素医药作为商业用途。生物技术提供了巨大的潜力，增加农业生产和粮食加工效率，降低粮食成本，提高食品质量和安全，并提高国际竞争力。) |
| 生物技术风险 | biotechnological hazard A danger to humans, animals or the environment posed by the application of advanced biological techniques in the manufacture of industrial products, such as the risk or harm that results from exposure to infectious bacteria, viruses or fungi (一个对人类、动物或环境造成的危险，它是由先进的生物技术在工业产品的生产应用所带来的，例如从接触到感染细菌，病毒或真菌造成的风险或者伤害。) |
| 生物指数 | biotic index Scale for showing the quality of an environment by indicating the types of organisms present in it (e.g. how clean a river is) (是通过指示目前的生物种类来显示环境质量的一种量度。) |
| 生物效应 | biological effect Biological effects include allergic reactions, respiratory disorders, hypersensitivity diseases and infectious diseases and can be caused by a variety of contaminants and pollutants (生物效应包括过敏反应，呼吸失调，过敏性疾病，传染性疾病，可以由各种原因造成的污染和污染物。) |
| 生物有效性 | bio-availability The extent to which a drug or other substance is taken up by a specific tissue or organ after administration (药物或其他物质在实施后被特定组织或者有机体吸收的程度。) |
| 生物杀灭剂 | biocide A diverse group of poisonous substance including preservatives, insecticides, disinfectants and pesticides used for the control of organisms that are harmful to human or animal health or that cause damage to natural or manufactured products (一组多样的有毒物质，包括防腐剂，杀虫剂，消毒剂和用于生物控制的杀虫剂，有害于人类或动物健康，或者造成自然或人造产品的损害。) |
| 生物标志物 | biological indicator A species or organism that is used to grade environmental quality or change (用于指示环境质量或变化的一个物种或生物，) |
| 生物标记 | biomarker A normal metabolite that, when present in abnormal concentrations in certain body fluids, can indicate the presence of a particular disease or toxicological condition (一个正常的代谢物，当在某些体液中的浓度异常时，可以显示出某种疾病或毒性状况的存在。) |
| 生物武器 | biological weapon Living organisms (or infective material derived from them) which are intended to cause disease or death in animals, plants, or man, and which depend for their effects on their ability to multiply in the person, animal or plant attacked. Various living organisms (for example, rickettsiae, viruses and fungi), as well as bacteria, can be used as weapons (生物体(或从中得到的感染性物质)，它们造成疾病或动物、植物或人死亡，并依靠他们对在受被攻击的人、动物或植物中自身复制能力的影响。各种生物体(例如，立克次氏体，病毒和真菌)，和细菌一样，可以作为武器。) |
| 生物气候学 | bioclimatology The study of climate in relation to fauna and flora (有关动物和植物的气候的研究。) |
| 生物水平衡 | biological water balance The amount of ingoing and outgoing water in a system, which are assumed to be equal in the long term so that the water budget will balance (在一个系统中水的出入量，这是假设在长期情况下，出入量相等，从而使得水的预算平衡。) |
| 生物污染 | biological pollution Disturbance of the ecological balance by the accidental or deliberate introduction of a foreign organism, animal or plant species into an environment (意外地或故意把外来生物引进到环境中，对生态平衡造成的紊乱。) |
| 生物污染 | biological contamination The presence in the environment of living organisms or agents derived by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and mammal and bird antigens that can cause many health effects (环境中那些可导致许多健康问题的现象，这些现象由生物体或由病毒、细菌、真菌、哺乳动物和鸟类抗原因素引起。) |
| 生物污染物 | biological pollutant Viruses, bacteria, fungi, and mammal and bird antigens that may be present in the environment and cause many health effects (可存在于环境中，导致许多健康影响的那些病毒，细菌，真菌和哺乳动物和鸟类抗原。) |
| 生物活性 | biological activity |
| 生物活性测试 | biological test The laboratory determination of the effects of substances upon specific living organisms (物质对特定的活生物体影响的实验室测定。) |
| 生物燃料 | biofuel A gaseous, liquid, or solid fuel that contains an energy content derived from a biological source. The organic matter that makes up living organisms provides a potential source of trapped energy that is beginning to be exploited to supply the ever-increasing energy demand around the world. An example of a biofuel is rapeseed oil, which can be used in place of diesel fuel in modified engines. The methyl ester of this oil, rapeseed methyl ester (RME), can be used in unmodified diesel engines and is sometimes known as biodiesel. Other biofuels include biogas and gasohol (一种从生物源得到的含有能量的气体、液体或者固体燃料。组成有机体的有机物，为被困能源提供了潜在的来源，开始在全世界被用来满足不断增加的能源需求。生物燃料的一个例子是菜籽油，它可以用来替代改良发动机的柴油。这种油酸甲酯，油菜籽甲基酯(RME)，可以在未修改的柴油发动机中被使用，它有时候被当做生物柴油。其他一些生物燃料有沼气和乙醇汽油。) |
| 生物物理学 | biophysics The hybrid science involving the application of physical principles and methods to study and explain the structures of living organisms and the mechanics of life processes (一种混合科学，涉及到物理原理和方法的应用以研究和解释生物结构和生命过程的力学。) |
| 生物生产 | biological production 1. The amount and rate of production which occur in a given ecosystem over a given time period. It may apply to a single organism, a population, or entire communities and ecosystems. 2. The quantity of organic matter or its equivalent in dry matter, carbon, or energy content which is accumulated during a given period of time (1. 在一个特定的生态系统发生在一个特定时期的生产的数量和速率。它可以适用于一个单一的有机体，一个物群，或整个社区和生态系统。 2. 在一段特定时期累计的有机物质的数量，或者它在干物重、碳或者能量含量方面的等价物的数量。) |
| 生物的控制 | biological control |
| 生物监测 | biological monitoring The direct measurement of changes in the biological status of a habitat, based on evaluations of the number and distribution of individuals or species before and after a change (基于个体或物种的数量和分布的前后变化的测评，对生物的栖息地状况的变化直接测量。) |
| 生物群落 | biocoenosis A community or natural assemblage of organisms; often used as an alternative to ecosystem but strictly is the fauna/flora association excluding physical aspects of the environment (一个群落或生物体的自然组合；经常被用作生态系统的替代，但是尤其是指不包括环境的物理因素的动物/植物团体。) |
| 生物节律 | biorhythm A cyclically recurring pattern of physiological states in an organism or organ, such as alpha rhythm or circadian rhythm; believed by some to affect physical and mental states and behaviour (一种在有生物体或器官中的生理状态的周期性循环模式，例如阿尔法节律或者昼夜节律；某些人相信它可以影响身体和心理状态以及行为。) |
| 生物蓄积性污染物 | bioaccumulative pollutant Pollutants that become concentrated in living organisms through the consumption of food or water (通过食物或水的消耗，在生物体中逐渐积累的污染物。) |
| 生物虫害控制 | biological pest control Any living organism applied to or introduced into the environment that is intended to function as a pesticide against another organism declared to be a pest (任何适用于或者被引进到环境中作为害虫的杀虫剂的生物体。) |
| 生物质能iciba生物量能量台, 可再生能源，利用生物燃料，例如从污水、农业、工业、或家庭产生的有机废弃物中得到甲烷(沼气)。其他生物燃料包括在"能源森林"中生长的树或其他的植物，例如甘蔗，增长为他们的能源潜力。生物质能依靠燃烧，因此生产二氧化碳;因此，它的利用不能缓和温室效应。 | biomass energy A renewable energy source that makes use of such biofuels as methane (biogas) generated by sewage, farm, industrial, or household organic waste materials. Other biofuels include trees grown in so-called "energy forests" or other plants, such as sugar cane, grown for their energy potential. Biomass energy relies on combustion and therefore produces carbon dioxide; its use would not, therefore, alleviate the greenhouse effect |
| 生物资源 | biological resource Wild organisms harvested for subsistence, commerce, or recreation (such as fish, game, timber or furbearers); domesticated organisms raised by agriculture, aquaculture, and silviculture; and ecosystems cropped by livestock (为生活、商业或娱乐(例如鱼，野味，木材或毛皮动物)获得的野生生物；农业、水产养殖、林业驯养的生物以及附近的的生态系统。) |
| 生物资源保护 | conservation of living resources |
| 生物过滤 | biofiltration The distribution of settled sewage on a bed of inert granular material through which it is allowed to percolate. In doing so, the effluent is aerated thus allowing aerobic bacteria and fungi to reduce its biochemical oxygen demand (污水在惰性颗粒材料(通过它允许渗透)的环境中的分布。这样做可以使污水与氧结合，从而使好氧细菌和真菌减少它们生化需氧量。) |
| 生物过程 | biological process Processes concerning living organisms (与生物体有关的过程。) |
| 生物遗产 | biological heritage The inheritance and preservation of the earth's or a particular region's balanced, integrated functionality as a natural habitat, with special concern for the water resources necessary to maintain the ecosystem (对地球或者某个作为一个自然栖息地的特定区域的均衡和综合功能的继承和保护，尤其是对水资源需求的特别关注，以维持生态系统。) |
| 生物量 | biomass Biomass refers strictly speaking to the total weight of all the living things in an ecosystem. However, it has come to refer to the amount of plant and crop material that could be produced in an ecosystem for making biofuels and other raw materials used in industry, for example (严格来说，生物量是指在生态系统中的所有生物的重量。然而，它已经被用来指，在一个生态系统中，可以产生的可以用于制造生物燃料和工业用其他原料的植物或者农作物的数量。) |
| 生物降解 | biodegradability The extent to which a substance can be decomposed - or rotted - by bacteria and fungi. Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading claims in business, because shoppers often assume a biodegradable product to be harmless. Some harmful compounds take much longer to degrade than others and the product can harm the environment while it is rotting. Biodegradation may also be incomplete, sometimes leaving residues in the environment which are more harmful than the original substance. Accumulation in the environment of nonbiodegradable (or poorly biodegradable) substances, such as some biocides, can cause serious problems (物质被细菌和真菌分解或腐烂的程度。暗示降解的残留物的是无毒的。最有误导性的宣称之一就是从购买者经常假设生物降解产品无害。一些有害的复合需要比其他物质长得多的时间降解，而且在腐烂过程中生成的产品会破坏环境。生物降解可能也不完整，有时离开余数在环境——比原更更有害物质，有时会在环境中残留比原物质更加有害的物质。非生物降解(或不善生物降解的)物质在环境中的积累，例如一些杀菌剂，能引起严重问题。) |
| 生物降解 | biodegradation Breaking down of a substance by microorganisms (在微生物作用下分解物质。) |
| 生化物质 | biochemical substance Chemical substances that occur in animals, microorganisms, and plants (在动物，微生物，和植物中出现的化学物质。) |
| 生态博物馆 | ecomuseum A private, non-profit facility where plants and animals can be viewed in a natural outdoor setting (可以在户外自然环境中参观植物和动物的私人的、非营利性的场所。) |
| 甲壳纲动物 | crustacean A class of arthropod animals having jointed feet and mandibles, two pairs of antennae, and segmented, chitin-encased bodies (节肢动物的一纲，具有通过关节连接的脚与下颚、两对触须、以及分节的几丁质躯体。) |
| 畸胎形成物质 | teratogenic substance Substances capable of causing abnormal development of the embryo and congenital malformations (会导致胚胎发育异常和先天性畸形的物质。) |
| 疏浚物质 | dredged material Unconsolidated material removed from rivers, streams, and shallow seas with machines such as the bucket-ladder dredge, dragline dredge, or suction dredge (通过例如铲斗型挖泥机、牵引索挖泥机、吸泥机等机器，从河川、溪流或浅海中挖掘出来的松散物质。) |
| 研磨残留物 | residue of grinding Dust or other residue left after reducing a material to very small particles (在把物质变成很小的微粒时产生的灰尘或其它剩余物。) |
| 硝基化合物 | nitro compound Any one of a class of usually organic compounds that contain the monovalent group, -NO2 (nitro group or radical) linked to a carbon atom (任何一个通常包含单价基、与一个碳原子相连的二氧化氮(硝基)的有机化合物类。) |
| 硫化物 | sulphide Any compound that includes one or more sulfur atoms with a more electropositive element, either carbon, metal or some other nonoxygen atom (其中包括一个或多个硫原子与一个正电的元素的任何化合物，无论是碳、金属原子或某些其它非羰基氧。) |
| 硫氧化物 | sulphur oxide An oxide of sulphur, such as sulphur dioxide and sulphur trioxide; they are formed primarily from the combustion of fossil fuels; major air pollutants and cause of damage to the respiratory tract as well as vegetation, SOx (硫氧化物，如二氧化硫和三氧化硫，它们主要是由化石燃料燃烧形成的，是主要的空气污染物，造成呼吸道以及植被的损坏。) |
| 示踪含同位素指示剂的化合物 | tracer compound |
| 稀有物种 | rare species Species which have a restricted world range (世界上种群数量有限的物种。) |
| 空中毒性物质和有机物研究 | airborne toxic element and organic substances study |
| 空气和废物管理协会 | Air and Waste Management Association |
| 美国空气有害污染物国家排放标准 | National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants |
| 空气污染物 | air pollutant Any pollutant agent or combination of such agents, including any physical, chemical, biological, radioactive substance or matter which is emitted into or otherwise enters the ambient air and can, in high enough concentrations, harm humans, animals, vegetation or material (污染物的代理或代理组合，包括任何发射或进入周围空气的物理、化学、生物或放射性物质，其浓度高到足以伤害到人类、动物、植物或其它物质。) |
| 空气生物学 | aerobiology The study of the atmospheric dispersal of airborne fungus spores, pollen grains, and microorganisms; and, more broadly, of airborne propagules of algae and protozoans, minute insects such as aphids, and pollution gases and particles which exert specific biologic effects (研究空气传播的真菌、孢子、花粉粒和微生物在大气中的分布；广义上研究能发挥特殊生物效应的海藻和原生体的空气繁殖，微小昆虫(例如蚜虫)，以及污染气体和微粒。) |
| 突变微生物 | mutated micro-organisms release The release of mutated micro-organisms creates the risk that they may exhibit some previously unknown pathogenicity, might take over from some naturally occurring bacteria (possibly having other positive functions which thus are lost) or pass on some unwanted trait to such indigenous bacteria. There is also concern that an uncontrolled genetic mutation could produce from such an engineered microorganism, a form with hazardous consequences for the environment (突变微生物释放造成的风险可能会展示一些以前未知的致病性，可能会接收一些自然出现的细菌(有可能因此失去其他积极功能)，或传递某些对固有细菌有害的性状。也有人担心，一个不受控制的基因突变可以生产出这样一个精心设计的微生物而对环境产生有害后果。) |
| 类族和物种保护 | conservation of stocks and species |
| 纤维植物 | textile plant Plant producing material suitable to be made into cloths (适合制造成布的工厂生产的材料。) |
| 耐旱作物 | drought-tolerant crop |
| 耐旱作物 | drought-resistant crop |
| 聚合物 | polymer Substance made of giant molecules formed by the union of simple molecules (monomers) (由大分子物质生成的结合分子(单体简单)。) |
| 脂肪族化合物 | aliphatic compound |
| 脂环族化合物 | alicyclic compound Any substance composed of two or more unlike atoms held together by chemical bonds characterized by straight-chained, branched or cyclic properties (任何由直链、分支或环状的化学键链接的含有两个或多个相异原子的物质。) |
| 脂环族碳氢化合物 | alicyclic hydrocarbon A class of organic compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms joined to form one or more rings and having the properties of both aliphatic and cyclic substances (仅由碳和氢原子所组成的一环或多环有机化合物，同时具有脂肪族和环状化合物的性质) |
| 脂类物质 | lipophilic substance unpolar substances, having affinity to fatty (unpolar) substances; Substances having an affinity for lipids (与脂类具有相似性的物质。) |
| 脂肪族化合物 | aliphatic compound Any organic compound of hydrogen and carbon characterized by a straight chain of the carbon atoms (任何具有碳原子直链的碳氢有机化合物。) |
| 脂肪族碳氢化合物 | aliphatic hydrocarbon Hydrocarbons having an open chain of carbon atoms, whether normal or forked, saturated or unsaturated (具有碳原子的开链碳氢化合物，不论其具有直链或支链，饱和或不饱和。) |
| 脆弱的物种IUCN, 不采取保护性措施有可能变为濒危的物种。 | vulnerable species IUCN, Species which is likely to become endangered unless protective measures are taken |
| 脊椎动物 | vertebrate Any chordate animal of the subphylum Vertebrata, characterized by a bony or cartilaginous skeleton and a well-developed brain: the group contains fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals (任何脊椎动物亚门的脊索动物，特点是有骨骼和软骨骨骼或一个发达的大脑：该动物群包含鱼类、两栖类、爬行类、鸟类和哺乳动物。) |
| 脊索动物 | chordate The highest phylum in the animal kingdom, characterized by a notochord, nerve cord, and gill slits; includes the urochordate, lancelets and vertebrates (动物王国中最高级的门，特征是有脊索、神经索和鳃裂，包括尾索动物、文昌鱼和脊椎动物。) |
| 腐败腐化的物质 | putrescent material |
| 腔肠动物 | coelenterate Animals that have a single body cavity (the coelenteron). The name was formerly given to a phylum comprising the Cnidaria and Ctenophora, but these are now regarded as phyla in their own right, and the name Coelenterata has fallen from use, although it is sometimes used as a synonym for Cnidaria (单体腔(体肠腔)的动物，这个名称以前是腔肠动物和栉水动物的总称，现在各自成为独立的门。但现在Coelenterata这个名称已不再使用，尽管有时也还被用作腔肠动物的同义词。) |
| 腹足动物 | gastropod Any mollusc of the class Gastropoda, typically having a flattened muscular foot for locomotion and a head that bears stalked eyes (任何腹足类软体动物，一般具有用于运动的扁平肌肉足，以及含有追踪能力眼睛的头部。) |
| 航行障碍物 | navigational hazard Any obstacle encountered by a vessel in route posing risk or danger to the vessel, its contents or the environment (船舶航行中遇到的可造成危险或者危害的任何障碍物，包括其容纳的东西或者环境。) |
| 节肢动物 | arthropod The largest phylum in the animal kingdom; adults typically have segmented body, a sclerotized integument, and many-jointed segmental limbs (动物界最大的门，成年个体有节状肢体，硬化外皮，以及多个有接缝的节状肢体。) |
| 草食动物 | herbivore An animal that feeds on grass and other plants (以青草或其他植物为食物的动物。) |
| 药物动力学 | pharmacokinetics The study of the rates of absorption, tissue distribution, biotransformation, and excretion (关于药物的吸收速率、分布、组织和分泌的研究。) |
| 药物滥用 | drug abuse |
| 药用植物 | medicinal plant Plants having therapeutic properties (具有治疗功能的植物。) |
| 营养物 | nutrient Chemical elements which are involved in the construction of living tissue and which are needed by both plant and animal. The most important in terms of bulk are carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, with other essential ones including nitrogen, potassium, calcium, sulphur and phosphorus (包含构建生命组织和动植物所需的化学成分。其中最重要是碳、氢、氧，以及其它必需的氮、钾、钙、硫、磷。) |
| 营养物转移假说 | nutrient diversion hypothesis |
| 蕨类植物 | fern Any of a large number of vascular plants composing the division Polypodiophyta, without flowers and fruits (大量的维管束植物，组成了水龙骨门，没有花和果。) |
| 蚀刻物质 | etching substance Substance capable of wearing away the surface of a metal, glass, etc. by chemical action (能磨损金属、玻璃表面(例如发生化学反应)的物质。) |
| 表面活性化合物 | surface active compound Any soluble substance composed of two or more unlike atoms held together by chemical bonds that reduces interfacial tension between liquids or a liquid and a solid, often used as detergents, wetting agents and emulsifiers (可溶性物质组成的两个或两个以上的不同原子由于化学键而结合在一起，可降低化学液体或液体与固体之间的表面张力，经常被用来作为洗涤剂、润湿剂和乳化剂。) |
| 衰变产物 | decay product An isotope formed by the radioactive decay of some other isotope. This newly formed isotope possesses physical and chemical properties that are different from those of its parent isotope, and may also be radioactive (由其它同位素经过放射性衰退而形成的同位素。 这些新生成的同位素具有和其母同位素不同的物理、化学性质，一般也具有放射性。) |
| 要求退回原物的债权、诉权 | claim for restitution A legal remedy in which a person or party may demand or assert the right to be restored to a former or original position prior to loss, damage or injury (一种法律补救法，一个人或一方当事人可以要求或维护恢复受到损失、损坏或损害之前的原始位置的权利。) |
| 覆盖物 | covering No definition needed (无需定义) |
| 谷物 | grain Edible, starchy seeds of the grass family (Graminae) usable as food by man and his livestock (可食用的草属植物，其种子富含淀粉，可被人和家畜食用。) |
| 购物中心 | shopping centre Enclosed area in which there is a variety of shops (内有各种各样的商店的一个封闭领域。) |
| 贮藏物质的再转移 | retranslocation of reserves |
| 起始物质 | starting material |
| 踯行动物 | plantigrade Pertaining to mammals walking with the whole sole of the foot touching the ground (哺乳动物的整体和脚接触地面。) |
| 蹄类动物 | ungulate Hoofed mammals, including the Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla (有蹄的哺乳动物，包括偶蹄动物和奇蹄动物。) |
| 软体动物 | mollusc Any of various invertebrates having a soft unsegmented body and often a shell, secreted by a fold of skin (各种有软的未分段身体并常常隐藏在折叠皮肤有壳的无脊椎动物，。) |
| 软体动物侵袭 | mollusc invasion |
| 软体动物杀灭剂 | molluscicide |
| 辐射物理学 | radiation physics The study of ionizing radiation and its effects on matter (研究电离辐射和它的影响。) |
| 适应性强的物种 | adaptable species |
| 遗传物质，基因物质 | germ plasm The hereditary material transmitted to the offspring via the gametes (通过交配传播给子代的遗传物质。) |
| 酸性注人污染物 | acid immissions |
| 陆地哺乳动物 | land mammal |
| 陆地生物资源 | terrestrial biological resource Any source of supply derived from plants, animals or other wildlife inhabiting land or ground, which may be used by humans for food, clothes and other necessities (来自植物、动物或其它野生动物的栖息地或地面的供应源，这些可能作为人的粮食、衣服和其它必需品。) |
| 隐花植物 | cryptogam A large group of plants, comprising the Thallophyta, Bryophyta and Pteridophyta, the last of which are cryptogams (在包括同节植物、藓苔植物与蕨类植物在内的大群植物类别中，最后一类为隐花植物。) |
| 非住宅建筑物 | non-residential building Area which provides commercial, industrial, and public facilities (提供商业、工业和公共设施的区域。) |
| 非生物因素 | abiotic factor Physical, chemical and other non-living environmental factors. They are essential for living plants and animals of an ecosystem, providing the essential elements and nutrients that are necessary for growth. The abiotic elements also include the climatic and pedologic components of the ecosystem (物理，化学和其他非生物环境因素。他们对于生态系统中的植物和动物至关重要，提供生长必须的基本要素和营养素。非生物因素还包括生态系统的气候和土壤的组成部分。) |
| 非生物环境 | abiotic environment The non-living components of the environment (rocks, minerals, soil, water and climate) (环境中无生命成分(例如岩石、矿物质、土地、水和气候)。) |
| 非生物环境条件 | abiotic environmental condition |
| 非生物降解的污染物 | non-biodegradable pollutant An organic compound, usually synthetic, that is not decomposed or mineralized by microorganisms or other biological processes (一种有机化合物，通常是合成的，即不分解或由微生物或其它生物过程矿化。) |
| 非目标生物 | non-target organism A plant or animal other than the one against which the pesticide is applied (不在农药作用范围内的植物或动物。) |
| 饲料作物 | forage crop Cultivation of crops for consumption by livestock (供牲畜消费而栽培的农作物。) |
| 驯养动物 | domesticated animal 1. Wild animal which has been trained to live near a house and not be frightened of human beings; 2. species which was formerly wild, now selectively bred to fill human needs (1. 野生动物经驯养，生活在房舍旁，不对人类构成威胁； 2. 最初是野生品种，后经选择性繁殖满足人类的需要。) |
| 鼬科动物 | mustelid A large, diverse family of low-slung, long-bodied carnivorous mammals including minks, weasels, and badgers; distinguished by having only one molar in each upper jaw, and two at the most in the lower jaw (一个大而多样化的低矮、长体形食肉哺乳动物科，包括水貂、黄鼠狼、獾等，特点是每一个上颌只有一个臼齿，在下颌最多两个。) |
