| Arabic | English |
| التخلص من مياه الصرف | sewage disposal |
| تفريغ مياه السد | dam draining The drawing of water from a reservoir by means of draining pipes located at the bottom of the basin and controlled by a system of sluices which ensure, if necessary, the emptying of the basin in a given period of time in respect of downstream conditions |
| توفير مياه الشرب- الإمداد بمياه الشرب | drinking water supply The provision and storage of potable water, or the amount of potable water stored, for the use of a municipality, or other potable water user |
| حقل مياه الصرف | sewage farm Area of land on which sewage or any other type of waste water is distributed in order to purify it; it is a kind of waste water treatment |
| خزان مياه الصرف | septic tank A tank, usually underground, into which sewage flows, the deposited matter being wholly, or partially broken down through anaerobic action. The final effluent may be allowed to soak into the ground through a system of agricultural drains, if the soil is suitable. Alternatively, the tank must be emptied at regular intervals by a special road-tanker |
| طاحونة مياه | water mill A mill whose power is provided by a large wheel which is turned by moving water, especially a river |
| محطة توليد طاقة وتسخين مياه | heat and power station Power station which produces both electricity and hot water for the local population. A CHP (Combined Heat and Power Station) plant may operate on almost any fuel, including refuse |
| مستجمع مياه | catchment A structure in which water is collected |
| مستجمع مياه الأعاصير | storm water basin Basin used to hold water which falls as rain during a storm |
| مضخة مياه | water pump A machine or apparatus used to lift water, usually from a well or borehole, which is powered manually or by engine, wind or some other source |
| معالجة أولية, مياه الصرف | primary water treatment |
| معالجة ثانوية, مياه الصرف | secondary water treatment |
| معالجة مياه الشرب | drinking water treatment The Directive on the Quality of Surface Water Intended for Drinking Water defines three categories of water treatment (A1, A2, A3) from simple physical treatment and disinfection to intensive physical and chemical treatment. The treatment to be used depends on the quality of the water abstracted. The Directive uses imperative values for parameters known to have an adverse effect on health and also guide values for those which are less adverse. There is also a directive which complements the "surface water abstraction" Directive by indicating the methods of measurement and the frequency of sampling and analysis required |
| معالجة مياه الصرف | wastewater treatment |
| منطقة حماية مياه الشرب | drinking water protection area Area surrounding a water recovery plant in which certain forms of soil utilization are restricted or prohibited in order to protect the groundwater |
| منع انتشار مياه الصرف | sewage spreading prohibition Prohibition of spreading sewage sludge on land to prevent accumulation of toxic heavy metals in excessive quantities |
| مياه الأمطار | rain water Water which falls as rain from clouds |
| مياه البحر | sea water Aqueous solution of salts in more or less constant ratio, whose composition depends on several factors among which predominate living organisms, detrital sedimentation and the related chemical reactions. Sea-water accounts for more than 98% of the mass of the hydrosphere and covers just over 70% of the globe. Because of the composition and stability of the oceans, and the way they are controlled, they are of great importance to the climate, and great attention has been given to studying the effects of pollution. Man's activities are believed to be accelerating the change in the composition of sea-water |
| مياه الحضر | urban water Water destined for private and public use in a town |
| مياه الدولة | demesnial water A body of water that is owned and maintained by a national governmental body or agency |
| مياه الشرب | drinking water Water that is agreeable to drink, does not present health hazards and whose quality is normally regulated by legislation |
| مياه الصرف | sewage Any liquid-born waste that contains animal or plant matter in suspension or solution, soils and storm water, or chemicals in solution |
| مياه الصرف الصحي | drainage water Incidental surface waters from diverse sources such as rainfall, snow melt or permafrost melt |
| مياه الصرف المنزلية | domestic waste water Wastewater principally derived from households, business buildings, institutions, etc., which may or may not contain surface runoff, groundwater or storm water |
| مياه المد | tidal water Any water whose level changes periodically due to tidal action |
| مياه النهر | river water Water which flows in a channel from high ground to low ground and ultimately to a lake or the sea, except in a desert area where it may dwindle away to nothing |
| مياه جوفية | groundwater Water that occupies pores and crevices in rock and soil, below the surface and above a layer of impermeable material. It is free to move gravitationally, either downwards towards the impermeable layer or by following a gradient |
| مياه خاصة | non-demesnial water A body of water that is owned and maintained by an individual or entity other than the national government |
| مياه ساحلية | coastal water Coastal waters are typically characterized by a shallow continental shelf, gently sloping seaward to a continental slope, which drops relatively abruptly to the deep ocean. The proximity of coastal water to land also influences the water circulation. In the vicinity of freshwater inflows, the nearshore circulation is altered by the presence of density-driven motions. Coastal waters are under enormous environmental stress, caused by a wide range of factors including pollution and the destruction and deterioration of marine habitats |
| مياه صالحة للاستهلاك | water for consumption Consumptive water use starts with withdrawal, but in this case without any return, e.g. irrigation, steam escaping into the atmosphere, water contained in final products, i.e. it is no longer available directly for subsequent use |
| مياه صرف مختلطة | combined waste water A mixture of domestic or industrial wastewater and surface runoff |
| مياه قليلة الملوحة | brackish water Water, salty between the concentrations of fresh water and sea water; usually 5-10 parts x thousand |
| مياه للاستخدام الزراعي | water for agricultural use Water used in agriculture for irrigation and livestock. Livestock watering is only 1 percent of the total water withdrawal for agricultural use. Of all functional water uses, irrigation is the largest agricultural use of water |
| مياه للاستخدامات الصناعية | water for industrial use Water used by industries for purposes such as fabrication, processing, washing and cooling, which is obtained from a public supply or through self-supplied sources |
| مياه مالحة | salt water Water of the seas, distinguished by high salinity |
| مياه مستهلكة | used water Wastewater or utilized water from a home, community, farm or industry, which is often discharged after utilization |
| مياه مستهلكة حضرية | urban wastewater The liquid wastes deriving from domestic, commercial and industrial activities of an urban settlement |
| مياه معدنية | mineral water Water containing naturally or artificially supplied minerals or gases |
| نظام تصريف مياه الأمطار | rain water sewer system Channels for clearing away rain water |
| نظام معالجة مياه الصرف | sewage treatment system Sewage treatment comes in two stages - primary and secondary treatment. The primary stage involves a process of screening solids from sewage, leaving a sludge and relatively clear water for further treatment or for disposal into rivers, the sea or on to the land. In the secondary stage the sludge is stirred constantly in vast tanks to get more oxygen into the mixture, allowing bacteria to break down the organic matter and leave a harmless residue that falls as a sediment to the bottom of the tank. After processing, the clear water on top of the tank is discharged into rivers and the sediment is used as landfill or discharged at sea |
| وحل مياه الصرف | sewage sludge A semi-liquid waste with a solid concentration in excess of 2500 parts per million, obtained from the purification of municipal sewage |
