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| Terms for subject Environment (5171 entries) |
| jordlag | soil layer (Distinctive successive layers of soil produced by internal redistribution processes. Conventionally the layers have been divided into A, B and C horizons. The A horizon is the upper layer, containing humus and is leached and/or eluviated of many minerals. The B horizon forms a zone of deposition and is enriched with clay minerals and iron/aluminium oxides from the A layer. The C layer is the parent material for the present soil and may be partially weathered rock, transported glacial or alluvial material or an earlier soil) | |
| jordluft | soil air (The air and other gases in spaces in the soil; specifically that which is found within the zone of aeration. Also known as soil atmosphere) | |
| jordmineralogi | soil mineralogy (Study of the formation, occurrence, properties, composition, and classification of the minerals present in the soil) | |
| jordorganisme | soil organism (Organisms which live in the soil) | |
| jordoverflatebinding | soil surface sealing (Any activity or process in which ground surface areas are packed or plugged to prevent percolation or the passage of fluids) | |
| jordpakking | soil compaction (An increase in bulk density (mass per unit volume) and a decrease in soil porosity resulting from applied loads, vibration, or pressure. More compacted soils (or other materials) can support greater loads (load-bearing capacity). Bulk density can be increased by controlling the moisture content, compaction forces and treatment procedures, as well as by manipulating the type of material being compacted) | |
| jordprofil | soil profile (A vertical section of a soil, showing horizons and parent material) | |
| jordprosess | soil process (The major processes in soils are gains, losses, transfers, and transformations of organic matter, soluble salts, carbonates, silicate clay minerals, sesquioxides, and silica. Gains consist normally of additions of organic matter, and of oxygen and water through oxidation and hydration, but in some sites slow continuous additions of new mineral materials take place at the surface or soluble materials are deposited from groundwater. Losses are chiefly of materials dissolved or suspended in water percolating through the profile or running off the surface) | |
| jordressurs | soil resource (No definition needed) | |
| jordskade | soil damage (Soil impaired as a consequence of human activity. A study financed by UNEP, reporting in 1992, found that about 10,5% of the world's vegetative surface had been seriously damaged by human activity since 1945. The study found that much of the damage had been masked by a general rise in global agricultural productivity resulting from expanded irrigation, better plant varieties, and greater use of production inputs, such as fertilizers and pesticides. More than 1/3 of the damaged land was in Asia, almost 1/3 in Africa, and 1/4 in Central America. Some land had been damaged beyond restoration. The greatest sources of soil degradation were overgrazing, unsuitable agricultural practices, and deforestation) | |
| jordskifte | land consolidation (Joining small plots of land together to form larger farms or large fields) | |
| jordskjelv | earthquake (The violent shaking of the ground produced by deep seismic waves, beneath the epicentre, generated by a sudden decrease or release in a volume of rock of elastic strain accumulated over a long time in regions of seismic activity (tectonic earthquake). The magnitude of an earthquake is represented by the Richter scale; the intensity by the Mercalli scale) | |
| jordskorpe | earth's crust (The outer layers of the Earth's structure, varying between 6 and 48 km in thickness, and comprising all the material above the Mohorovicic Discontinuity (a seismic discontinuity occurring between the crust of the earth and the underlying mantle; the discontinuity occurs at an average depth of 35 km below the continents and at about 10 km below the oceans). The earlier idea of a cool solid skin overlaying a hot molten interior has now been replaced by a concept of a crust composed of two shells: an inner basic unit composed of sima (oceanic crust) and an outer granitic unit composed of sial (continental crust)) | |
| jordskred | landslide (Mass-movement landforms and processes involving the downslope transport, under gravitationary influence of soil and rock material en masse) | |
| jordsmonn | soil (The top layer of the land surface of the earth that is composed of disintegrated rock particles, humus, water and air) | |
| jordsmonnskart | soil map (A two-dimensional representation that shows the areal extent or the distribution of soils in relation to other features of the land surface) | |
| jordsmonnstilstand | soil condition (Description of the character of the surface of the ground at the time of observation, especially in relation to the influence of rain and snow) | |
| jordsmonntype | soil type (A phase or subdivision of a soil series based primarily on texture of the surface soil to a depth at least equal to plow depth (about 15 cm)) | |
| jordsmonnutvikling | soil formation (The combination of natural processes by which soils are formed. It is also known as pedogenesis. The most important soil-forming factors are parent material, terrain, climate, aspect, vegetation cover, microorganisms in the soil and the age of the land surface. Some pedologists would add to this list the influence of human activities. All the factors exhibit varying degrees of interrelationship and some are more important than others, with climate often being singled out as the most important) | |
| jordstabilisering | soil settling (Compaction involves the close-packing of the individual grains mainly by the elimination of pore-space and expulsion of entrapped water; this is normally brought about by the weight of the overlying sediments) |