| jordfag |
soil science (The study of the properties, occurrence, and management of soil as a natural resource. Generally it includes the chemistry, microbiology, physics, morphology, and mineralogy of soils, as well as their genesis and classification) |
|
| jordforbedring |
soil improvement (Process of protecting the soil from excessive erosion and making soil more fertile and productive) |
|
| jordforbedringsmiddel |
mineral conditioner (Any naturally occurring inorganic substances with a definite chemical composition and usually of crystalline structure, such as rocks, which are used to stabilize soil, improving its resistance to erosion, texture and permeability) |
|
| jordforringelse |
soil degradation (Soil may deteriorate either by physical movement of soil particles from a given site or by depletion of the water-soluble elements in the soil which contribute to the nourishment of crop, plants, grasses, trees, and other economically usable vegetation. The physical movement generally is referred to as erosion. Wind, water, glacial ice, animals and tools in use may be agents of erosion) |
|
| jordforsalting |
soil salination (The accumulation of soluble mineral salts near the surface of soil, usually caused by the capillary flow of water from saline ground water. Where the rate of surface evaporation is high, irrigation can exacerbate the problem by moistening the soil and causing water to be drawn from deeper levels as water evaporates from the surface. The evaporation of pure water leaves the salts behind, allowing them to accumulate, and they can reach concentrations that are toxic to plants, thus sterilizing the land) |
|
| jordforsuring |
soil acidification (A naturally occurring process in humid climates that has long been the subject of research, whose findings suggest acid precipitation effects. The generally accepted impact of soil acidification on the productivity of terrestrial plants is summarised as follows: as soil becomes more acidic the basic cations (Ca, Mg) on the soil exchange are replaced by hydrogen ions or solubilized metals. The basic cation, now in solution, can be leached through the soil. As time progresses the soil becomes less fertile and more acidic. Resultant decreases in soil pH cause reduced, less-active population of soil microorganisms, which in turn slow decomposition of plant residues and cycling of essential plant nutrients) |
|
| jordforurensende stoff |
soil pollutant (Solid, liquid and gaseous substances that detrimentally alter the natural condition of the soil) |
|
| jordforurensning |
soil pollution (Modifications of soil features or, more generally, of its chemical and biological balance, caused by the discharge of polluting substances) |
|
| jordfuktighet |
soil moisture (1. Water stored in soils. 2. One of the most important elements involved in pedological processes and plant growth. There are three basic forms: 1. water adhering in thin films by molecular attraction to the surface of soil particles and not available for plants is termed hygroscopic water. 2. Water forming thicker films and occupying the smaller pore spaces is termed capillary water. Since it is held against the force of gravity it is permanently available for plant growth and it is this type of soil water which contains plant nutrients in solution. 3. Water in excess of hygroscopic and capillary water is termed gravitational water, which is of a transitory nature because it flows away under the influence of gravity. When the excess has drained away the amount of water retained in the soil is termed its field capacity, when some of its pore spaces are still free of water) |
|
| jordfunksjon |
soil function (The main soil function is participation in the material transformation and migrating processes occurring in the natural environment on which the functioning of ecosystems depends. The most active participants in the occurring processes are microorganisms and invertebrates, whose activity, different variety, complex structure, and abundance accurately reflect the soil type and its characteristics: so they are important indicators of ecological stability. The variety of soil organisms determine its self-regulatory and self-cleaning capacity) |
|
| jordkjemi |
soil chemistry (The study of the inorganic and organic components of the soil and its life cycles) |
|
| jordkvalitet |
soil quality (All current positive or negative properties with regard to soil utilization and soil functions) |
|
| jordlag |
soil layer (Distinctive successive layers of soil produced by internal redistribution processes. Conventionally the layers have been divided into A, B and C horizons. The A horizon is the upper layer, containing humus and is leached and/or eluviated of many minerals. The B horizon forms a zone of deposition and is enriched with clay minerals and iron/aluminium oxides from the A layer. The C layer is the parent material for the present soil and may be partially weathered rock, transported glacial or alluvial material or an earlier soil) |
|
| jordluft |
soil air (The air and other gases in spaces in the soil; specifically that which is found within the zone of aeration. Also known as soil atmosphere) |
|
| jordmineralogi |
soil mineralogy (Study of the formation, occurrence, properties, composition, and classification of the minerals present in the soil) |
|
| jordorganisme |
soil organism (Organisms which live in the soil) |
|
| jordoverflatebinding |
soil surface sealing (Any activity or process in which ground surface areas are packed or plugged to prevent percolation or the passage of fluids) |
|
| jordpakking |
soil compaction (An increase in bulk density (mass per unit volume) and a decrease in soil porosity resulting from applied loads, vibration, or pressure. More compacted soils (or other materials) can support greater loads (load-bearing capacity). Bulk density can be increased by controlling the moisture content, compaction forces and treatment procedures, as well as by manipulating the type of material being compacted) |
|
| jordprofil |
soil profile (A vertical section of a soil, showing horizons and parent material) |
|
| jordprosess |
soil process (The major processes in soils are gains, losses, transfers, and transformations of organic matter, soluble salts, carbonates, silicate clay minerals, sesquioxides, and silica. Gains consist normally of additions of organic matter, and of oxygen and water through oxidation and hydration, but in some sites slow continuous additions of new mineral materials take place at the surface or soluble materials are deposited from groundwater. Losses are chiefly of materials dissolved or suspended in water percolating through the profile or running off the surface) |
|