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| Terms for subject Environment (5171 entries) |
| jordskade | soil damage (Soil impaired as a consequence of human activity. A study financed by UNEP, reporting in 1992, found that about 10,5% of the world's vegetative surface had been seriously damaged by human activity since 1945. The study found that much of the damage had been masked by a general rise in global agricultural productivity resulting from expanded irrigation, better plant varieties, and greater use of production inputs, such as fertilizers and pesticides. More than 1/3 of the damaged land was in Asia, almost 1/3 in Africa, and 1/4 in Central America. Some land had been damaged beyond restoration. The greatest sources of soil degradation were overgrazing, unsuitable agricultural practices, and deforestation) | |
| jordskifte | land consolidation (Joining small plots of land together to form larger farms or large fields) | |
| jordskjelv | earthquake (The violent shaking of the ground produced by deep seismic waves, beneath the epicentre, generated by a sudden decrease or release in a volume of rock of elastic strain accumulated over a long time in regions of seismic activity (tectonic earthquake). The magnitude of an earthquake is represented by the Richter scale; the intensity by the Mercalli scale) | |
| jordskorpe | earth's crust (The outer layers of the Earth's structure, varying between 6 and 48 km in thickness, and comprising all the material above the Mohorovicic Discontinuity (a seismic discontinuity occurring between the crust of the earth and the underlying mantle; the discontinuity occurs at an average depth of 35 km below the continents and at about 10 km below the oceans). The earlier idea of a cool solid skin overlaying a hot molten interior has now been replaced by a concept of a crust composed of two shells: an inner basic unit composed of sima (oceanic crust) and an outer granitic unit composed of sial (continental crust)) | |
| jordskred | landslide (Mass-movement landforms and processes involving the downslope transport, under gravitationary influence of soil and rock material en masse) | |
| jordsmonn | soil (The top layer of the land surface of the earth that is composed of disintegrated rock particles, humus, water and air) | |
| jordsmonnskart | soil map (A two-dimensional representation that shows the areal extent or the distribution of soils in relation to other features of the land surface) | |
| jordsmonnstilstand | soil condition (Description of the character of the surface of the ground at the time of observation, especially in relation to the influence of rain and snow) | |
| jordsmonntype | soil type (A phase or subdivision of a soil series based primarily on texture of the surface soil to a depth at least equal to plow depth (about 15 cm)) | |
| jordsmonnutvikling | soil formation (The combination of natural processes by which soils are formed. It is also known as pedogenesis. The most important soil-forming factors are parent material, terrain, climate, aspect, vegetation cover, microorganisms in the soil and the age of the land surface. Some pedologists would add to this list the influence of human activities. All the factors exhibit varying degrees of interrelationship and some are more important than others, with climate often being singled out as the most important) | |
| jordstabilisering | soil settling (Compaction involves the close-packing of the individual grains mainly by the elimination of pore-space and expulsion of entrapped water; this is normally brought about by the weight of the overlying sediments) | |
| jordstabilisering | soil stabilisation (Chemical or mechanical treatment designed to increase or maintain the stability of a soil mass or otherwise to improve its engineering properties, as by increasing its shear strength, reducing its compressibility, or decreasing its tendency to absorb water. Stabilization methods include physical compaction and treatment with cement, lime, and bitumen) | |
| jordstabilitet | soil stability (Soil stability depends on its shear strength, its compressibility and its tendency to absorb water. Stabilization methods include physical compaction and treatment with cement, lime, and bitumen) | |
| jordstruktur | soil structure (The combination or aggregation of primary soil particles into aggregates or clusters, which are separated from adjoining peds by surfaces of weakness. Soil structure is classified on the basis of size, shape, and distinctness into classes, types, and grades) | |
| jordtekstur | soil texture (1. Refers to the relative proportions of the various size groups (sand, silt and clay) of the individual soil grains in a mass of soil. 2. Classification of soil by the proportion and graduations of the three size groups of soil grains, i.e., sand, silt and clay, present in the soil) | |
| jordutnyttelse | soil use (Functional utilization of soil for agriculture, industry, or residential building purposes) | |
| jordvern | soil conservation (Management of soil to prevent or reduce soil erosion and depletion by wind and water. Preservation of soil against deterioration and loss by using it within its capabilities; application of conservation practices needed for its protection and improvement) | |
| jordvernlovgivning | soil conservation legislation (A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to protect and prevent the loss of an area's surface layer of decomposed rock and organic material, valued for its nutrients and ability to support life) | |
| juridisk kompetanse | legislative competence (The skill, knowledge, qualification, capacity or authority to make, give or enact rules with binding force upon a population or jurisdiction) | |
| juridisk prosedyre | legal procedure (Term includes all proceedings authorised or sanctioned by law, and brought or instituted in a court of legal tribunal, for the acquiring of a right or the enforcement of a remedy) |