| أثر الضوضاء |
noise effect |
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| أثر الطاقة على البيئة |
environmental impact of energy (Energy and environmental problems are closely related, since it is nearly impossible to produce, transport, or consume energy without significant environmental impact. The environmental problems directly related to energy production and consumption include air pollution, water pollution, thermal pollution, and solid waste disposal. The emission of air pollutants from fossil fuel combustion is the major cause of urban air pollution. Diverse water pollution problems are associated with energy usage. One major problem is oil spills. In all petroleum-handling operations, there is a finite probability of spilling oil either on the earth or in a body of water. Coal mining can also pollute water. Changes in groundwater flow produced by mining operations often bring otherwise unpolluted waters into contact with certain mineral materials which are leached from the soil and produce an acid mine drainage. Solid waste is also a by-product of some forms of energy usage. Coal mining requires the removal of large quantities of earth as well as coal. In general, environmental problems increase with energy use and this combined with the limited energy resource base is the crux of the energy crisis. An energy impact assessment should compare these costs with the benefits to be derived from energy use) |
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| أثر الغابات على البيئة |
environmental impact of forestry (The world's forestry resources are shrinking at an alarming rate. The need for foreign exchange encourages many developing countries to cut timber faster than forests can be regenerated. This overcutting not only depletes the resource that underpins the world timber trade, it causes loss of forest-based livelihoods, increases soil erosion and downstream flooding, and accelerates the loss of species and genetic resources) |
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| أثر المناخ الخاص |
microclimate effect |
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| أثر بعيد المدى |
long-term effect (Effects which will last long after the cause has ceased) |
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| أثر تاريخي |
historical monument (Monument built in memory of an historical event) |
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| أثر جانبي |
side effect (Any secondary effect, especially an undesirable one) |
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| أثر - تأثير |
effect (Effects include: 1. direct effects, which are caused by the action and occur at the same time and place, 2. indirect effects, which are caused by the action and are later in time or farther removed in distance, that are still reasonably foreseeable) |
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| أثر سام |
toxic effect (A result produced by the ingestion or contact of poisonous materials) |
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| أثر سيكولوجي |
psychological effect |
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| أثر طبيعي |
natural monument (A natural/cultural feature which is of outstanding or unique value because of its inherent rarity, representative of aesthetic qualities or cultural significance. Guidance for selection of a natural monument is: 1. The area should contain one or more features of outstanding significance (appropriate natural features include spectacular waterfalls, caves, craters, fossil beds, sand dunes and marine features, along with unique or representative fauna and flora; associated cultural features might include cave dwellings, cliff-top forts, archaeological sites, or natural sites which have heritage significance to indigenous peoples).; 2. The area should be large enough to protect the integrity of the feature and its immediately related surroundings) |
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| أثر عقلي |
mental effect |
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| أثر مرضي |
pathologic effect |
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| أثر مناخي |
climatic effect (Climate has a central influence on many human needs and activities, such as agriculture, housing, human health, water resources, and energy use. The influence of climate on vegetation and soil type is so strong that the earliest climate classification schemes where often based more on these factors than on the meteorological variables. While technology can be used to mitigate the effects of unfavorable climatic conditions, climate fluctuations that result in significant departures from normal cause serious problems for modern industrialized societies as much as for primitive ones. The goals of climatology are to provide a comprehensive description of the Earth's climate, to understand its features in terms of fundamental physical principles, and to develop models of the Earth's climate that will allow the prediction of future changes that may result from natural and human causes) |
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| أثر نفسي |
psychic effect (A result or consequence stemming from mental processes that create or influence human consciousness and emotions) |
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| أثر نفسي-جسماني |
psychosomatic effect (Any result pertaining to the influence of the mind or higher functions of the brain upon the operations of the body, particularly bodily disorders or diseases) |
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| أجمة |
coppice (A growth of small trees that are repeatedly cut down at short intervals; the new shoots are produced by the old stumps) |
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| أجمة - دغل |
maquis (A low evergreen shrub formation, usually found on siliceous soils in the Mediterranean lands where winter rainfall and summer drought are the characteristic climate features. It consists of a profusion of aromatic species, such as lavender, myrtle, oleander and rosemary and often includes abundant spiny shrubs. It has been suggested that the maquis is a secondary vegetation, occupying the lands cleared of their natural evergreen oak forests by human activity) |
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| أجمة صنوبر |
coniferous wood |
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| أجهزة التحليل |
analytical equipment (Equipment employed in analytical techniques) |
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