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أ ٌ ْ ھ ـ ٕ ء ة ى ء غ ظ ض ذ خ ث ت ش ر ق ص ف ع س ن م ل ك ي ط ح ز ئ و ه د ج ب ا آ ی پ ڥ چ گ ڨ ڭ ݣ << >>
| Terms for subject Environment (5878 entries) |
| طاقة الأمواج | wave energy (Power extracted from the motion of sea waves at the coast) | |
| طاقة البحر الحرارية | thermal sea power (The concept of utilizing the temperature differences of 20°C or more that occur between the surface of an ocean and its depths to achieve a continuous supply of power; this temperature difference may be found in the tropical regions of the world. Various small plants have been constructed to demonstrate the principle) | |
| طاقة الرياح | wind power (Energy extracted from wind, traditionally in a windmill, but increasingly by more complicated designes including turbines, usually to produce electricity but also for water pumping. The power available from wind is proportional to the area swept by the rotating place and the cube of the wind velocity, but less than half the available power can be recovered) | |
| طاقة الفحم | coal-based energy (Power generated by the steam raised by burning coal in fire-tube or water-tube boilers) | |
| طاقة الكتلة الحيوية | biomass energy (A renewable energy source that makes use of such biofuels as methane (biogas) generated by sewage, farm, industrial, or household organic waste materials. Other biofuels include trees grown in so-called "energy forests" or other plants, such as sugar cane, grown for their energy potential. Biomass energy relies on combustion and therefore produces carbon dioxide; its use would not, therefore, alleviate the greenhouse effect) | |
| طاقة المد | tidal power (Mechanical power, which may be converted to electrical power, generated by the rise and fall of ocean tides. The possibilities of utilizing tidal power have been studied for many generations, but the only feasible schemes devised so far are based on the use of one or more tidal basins, separated from the sea by dams (known as barrages), and of hydraulic turbines through which water passes on its way between the basins and the sea) | |
| طاقة شمسية | solar energy (The energy transmitted from the sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation. The most successful examples of energy extraction from the sun are so far solar cells used in satellites and solar collectors used to heat water) | |
| طاقة غير تقليدية | non-conventional energy (Energy that is renewable and ecologically safe, such as tidal power, wind power, etc.) | |
| طاقة كهربائية هيدروليكية | hydroelectric energy (The free renewable source of energy provided by falling water that drives the turbines. Hydropower is the most important of the regenerable energy sources because of its highest efficiency at the energy conversion. There are two types of hydroelectric power plants: 1. run-of-river power plants for the use of affluent water; 2. storage power plants (power stations with reservoir) where the influx can be regulated with the help of a reservoir. Mostly greater differences in altitudes are being used, like mountain creeks. Power stations with reservoirs are generally marked by barrages with earth fill dam or concrete dams. Though hydropower generally can be called environmentally acceptable, there exist also some problems: 1. change of groundwater level and fill up of the river bed with rubble. 2. Risk of dam breaks. 3. Great demand for land space for the reservoir. 4. Diminution, but partly also increase of value of recreation areas. As the hydropowers of the world are limited,the world energy demand however is rising, finally the share of hydropower will decrease) | |
| طاقة كهربية | electric power (The rate at which electric energy is converted to other forms of energy, equal to the product of the current and the voltage drop) | |
| طاقة معتمدة على النفط | oil-based energy (Energy produced using oil as fuel) | |
| طاقة نووية | nuclear energy (Energy released by nuclear fission or nuclear fusion) | |
| طب اجتماعي | social medicine (Medicine as applied to treatment of diseases which occur in certain social groups) | |
| طب الأطفال البيئي | eco-paediatrics (Branch of medical science concerning the study and the therapy of children diseases caused by environmental factors) | |
| طب العمل | occupational medicine (The branch of medicine which deals with the relationship of humans to their occupations, for the purpose of the prevention of disease and injury and the promotion of optimal health, productivity, and social adjustment) | |
| طب صناعي | industrial medicine (The branch of medicine which deals with the relationship of humans to their occupations, for the purpose of the prevention of disease and injury and the promotion of optimal health, productivity, and social adjustment) | |
| طباشير | chalk (A soft, pure, earthy, fine-textured, usually white to light gray or buff limestone of marine origin, consisting almost wholly (90-99%) of calcite, formed mainly by shallow-water accumulation of calcareous tests of floating microorganisms (chiefly foraminifers) and of comminuted remains of calcareous algae (such as cocoliths and rhabdoliths), set in a structureless matrix of very finely crystalline calcite. The rock is porous, somewhat friable, and only slightly coherent. It may include the remains of bottom-dwelling forms (e.g. ammonites, echinoderms, and pelecypods), and nodules of chert and pyrite. The best known and most widespread chalks are of Cretaceous age, such as those exposed in cliffs on both sides of the English Channel) | |
| طبقات التربة | soil layer (Distinctive successive layers of soil produced by internal redistribution processes. Conventionally the layers have been divided into A, B and C horizons. The A horizon is the upper layer, containing humus and is leached and/or eluviated of many minerals. The B horizon forms a zone of deposition and is enriched with clay minerals and iron/aluminium oxides from the A layer. The C layer is the parent material for the present soil and may be partially weathered rock, transported glacial or alluvial material or an earlier soil) | |
| طبقات الغلاف الجوي | atmospheric layering (Any one of a number of strata or layers of the earth's atmosphere; temperature distribution is the most common criterion used for denoting the various shell. Also known as atmospheric shell; atmospheric region) | |
| طبقة الأوزون | ozone layer (The general stratum of the upper atmosphere in which there is an appreciable ozone concentration and in which ozone plays an important part in the radiative balance of the atmosphere) |