lean production(Combines diverse elements of Japanese production management, in which different forms of waste such as unnecessary stock and indirect labour (supervision, inspection, maintenance) are reduced, and specialized workers are replaced by multi-skilled workers who rotate jobs and assume responsibility for quality control, repair and preventive maintenance)
learning element(Component of modular training programmes, in particular the ILO Modules of Employable Skill (MES), comprising detailed instructions on techniques needed for the performance of one or more specific tasks. Corresponds to "learning module" in other modular programmes)