| ion exchange (The process in which ions are exchanged between a solution and an insoluble solid, usually a resin) |
离子交换 |
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| ion exchanger (A permanent insoluble material (usually a synthetic resin) which contains ions that will exchange reversibly with other ions in a surrounding solution. Both cation and anion exchangers are used in water conditioning. The volume of an ion exchanger is measured in cubic liters of exchanger after the exchanger bed has been backwashed and drained, and has settled into place) |
离子交换器 |
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| ionising radiation (Radiation that is capable of energizing atoms sufficiently to remove electrons from them. In this state atoms become more reactive, so that ionizing radiation increases chemical activity and in this way produces biological effects, including effects that involve alterations induced in DNA. X-rays and gamma-rays are the only electromagnetic waves that cause ionization in biological material) |
电离放射线 |
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| ionosphere (A region of the earth's atmosphere, extending from about 60 to 1000 kilometers above the earth's surface, in which there is a high concentration of free electrons formed as a result of ionizing radiation entering the atmosphere from space) |
电离层 |
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| iron (A malleable ductile silvery-white ferromagnetic metallic element occurring principally in haematite and magnetite. It is widely used for structural and engineering purposes) |
铁 |
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| iron and steel industry (Sector of the metallurgical industry dealing with the production of cast iron, steel and iron alloys. Emissions from these industries tend to settle quickly from the atmosphere and can lead to rising concentrations in the soil. The main raw material input to the production process is iron ore. Also recycled scrap is used) |
钢铁工业 |
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| iron industry (A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the extraction and refinement of iron ore to produce cast iron, wrought iron and steel) |
炼铁工业 |
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| iron scrap (Waste pieces or disused articles of wrought iron (wrought-iron scrap) suitable for reworking for rolling or forging) |
铁屑 |
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| ironwork industry (Industry for the production of iron articles) |
铁制品工业 |
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| irradiation (To subject to or treat with light or other electromagnetic radiation or with beams of particles) |
放射 |
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| irreversibility of the phenomenon (That quality of a process that precludes a prior state from being attained again) |
不可逆转性 |
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| irrigation (1. To supply land with water so that crops and plants will grow or grow stronger) |
灌溉 |
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| irrigation canal (A permanent irrigation conduit constructed to convey water from the source of supply to one or more farms) |
灌溉渠 |
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| irrigation farming (Farming based on the artificial distribution and application of water to arable land to initiate and maintain plant growth) |
灌溉农业 |
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| irrigation system (A system of man-made channels for supplying water to land to allow plants to grow) |
灌溉系统 |
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| island (A land mass, especially one smaller than a continent, entirely surrounded by water) |
岛 |
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| island ecosystem (Unique but fragile and vulnerable ecosystems due to the fact that the evolution of their flora and fauna has taken place in relative isolation. Many remote islands have some of the most unique flora in the world; some have species of plants and animals that are not found anywhere else, which have evolved in a specialized way, sheltered from the fierce competition that species face on mainland) |
岛屿生态系统 |
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| ISO standard (standard of International Standard Organisation; Documented agreements containing technical specifications or other precise criteria to be used consistently as rules, guidelines, or definitions of characteristics, to ensure that materials, products, processes and services are fit for their purpose) |
ISO标准 |
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| isomer (1. Two or more compounds having the same molecular formula, but a different arrangement of atoms within the molecule. 2. One of two or more chemical substances having the same elementary percentage composition and molecular weight but differing in structure, and therefore in properties; there are many ways in which such structural differences occur) |
异构体 |
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| isotope (One or two or more atoms with the same atomic number that contain different numbers of neutrons) |
同位素 |
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