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铸铁 (【技】一种铁基碳硅合金。一般含碳2.0% -4.5%,硅0.5% -3.0%,同时含有少量锰、磷、硫等元素。根据碳在铸铁中的主要存在形式、形状和形成过程，铸铁分为五大类：灰铸铁、球墨铸铁、蠕墨铸铁、可锻铸铁和白口铸铁。铸铁易于熔化、生产成本低、铸造和耐磨性能好，但强度低，塑性、韧性和焊接性差。 • ① Cast iron is produced by remelting pig iron, which is the product of the blast furnace and is the cheapest of all metals. 铸铁由生铁重熔生产，生铁是高炉的产品，是最廉价的金属。② Besides iron, cast iron contains between 5 and 10 per cent of other elements including carbon, silicon and manganese. 除铁外，铸铁还含有包括碳、硅和锰在内的5% ~10% 的其他元素。③ The great fluidity of cast iron and its low shrinkage on solidification make possible close tolerances and considerable freedom in design. 由于铸铁具有良好的流动性和较低的凝固收缩率，故而铸件可获得较高的精度公差和相当大的设计自由度。) |
