| talajfolyamat |
soil process (The major processes in soils are gains, losses, transfers, and transformations of organic matter, soluble salts, carbonates, silicate clay minerals, sesquioxides, and silica. Gains consist normally of additions of organic matter, and of oxygen and water through oxidation and hydration, but in some sites slow continuous additions of new mineral materials take place at the surface or soluble materials are deposited from groundwater. Losses are chiefly of materials dissolved or suspended in water percolating through the profile or running off the surface) |
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| talajfunkció |
soil function (The main soil function is participation in the material transformation and migrating processes occurring in the natural environment on which the functioning of ecosystems depends. The most active participants in the occurring processes are microorganisms and invertebrates, whose activity, different variety, complex structure, and abundance accurately reflect the soil type and its characteristics: so they are important indicators of ecological stability. The variety of soil organisms determine its self-regulatory and self-cleaning capacity) |
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| talajhasználat |
soil use (Functional utilization of soil for agriculture, industry, or residential building purposes) |
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| talajhasználati rendszer |
soil use regime (Type of management and utilization of the soil) |
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| talajjavítás |
soil improvement (Process of protecting the soil from excessive erosion and making soil more fertile and productive) |
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| talajkilúgozás |
soil leaching (The removal of water or any soluble constituents from the soil. Leaching often occurs with soil constituents such as nitrate fertilizers with the result that nitrates end up in potable waters) |
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| talajkár |
soil damage (Soil impaired as a consequence of human activity. A study financed by UNEP, reporting in 1992, found that about 10,5% of the world's vegetative surface had been seriously damaged by human activity since 1945. The study found that much of the damage had been masked by a general rise in global agricultural productivity resulting from expanded irrigation, better plant varieties, and greater use of production inputs, such as fertilizers and pesticides. More than 1/3 of the damaged land was in Asia, almost 1/3 in Africa, and 1/4 in Central America. Some land had been damaged beyond restoration. The greatest sources of soil degradation were overgrazing, unsuitable agricultural practices, and deforestation) |
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| talajkémia |
soil chemistry (The study of the inorganic and organic components of the soil and its life cycles) |
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| talajképesség |
soil capability (The suitability of soils for various uses, e.g. sustained production of cultivated crops, pasture plants, etc., depending on depth, texture, kinds of minerals, salinity, kinds of salts, acidity, etc.) |
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| talajképződés |
soil formation (The combination of natural processes by which soils are formed. It is also known as pedogenesis. The most important soil-forming factors are parent material, terrain, climate, aspect, vegetation cover, microorganisms in the soil and the age of the land surface. Some pedologists would add to this list the influence of human activities. All the factors exhibit varying degrees of interrelationship and some are more important than others, with climate often being singled out as the most important) |
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| talajlakó szervezet |
soil organism |
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| talajlesodrás/vízerózió |
water erosion (The breakdown of solid rock into smaller particles and its removal by water. As weathering, erosion is a natural geological process, but more rapid soil erosion results from poor land-use practices, leading to the loss of fertile topsoil and to the silting of dams, lakes, rivers and harbours. There are three classes of erosion by water. 1. Splash erosion occurs when raindrops strike bare soil, causing it to splash, as mud, to flow into spaces in the soil and to turn the upper layer of soil into a structureless, compacted mass that dries with a hard, largely impermeable crust. 2. Surface flow occurs when soil is removed with surface run-off during heavy rain. 3. Channelized flow occurs when a flowing mixture of water and soil cuts a channel, which is then deepened by further scouring. A minor erosion channel is called a rill, a larger channel a gully) |
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| talajlevegő |
soil air (The air and other gases in spaces in the soil; specifically that which is found within the zone of aeration. Also known as soil atmosphere) |
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| talajmechanika |
soil mechanics (The study of the physical properties of soil, especially those properties that affect its ability to bear weight such as water content, density, strength, etc.) |
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| talajminőség |
soil quality (All current positive or negative properties with regard to soil utilization and soil functions) |
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| talajművelés |
working the soil (Ploughing the soil for agricultural purposes) |
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| talajművelés lejtős terepen |
contour farming (The performing of cultivations along lines connecting points of equal elevation so reducing the loss of top soil by erosion, increasing the capacity of the soil to retain water and reducing the pollution of water by soil) |
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| talajnedvesség |
soil moisture (1. Water stored in soils. 2. One of the most important elements involved in pedological processes and plant growth. There are three basic forms: 1. water adhering in thin films by molecular attraction to the surface of soil particles and not available for plants is termed hygroscopic water. 2. Water forming thicker films and occupying the smaller pore spaces is termed capillary water. Since it is held against the force of gravity it is permanently available for plant growth and it is this type of soil water which contains plant nutrients in solution. 3. Water in excess of hygroscopic and capillary water is termed gravitational water, which is of a transitory nature because it flows away under the influence of gravity. When the excess has drained away the amount of water retained in the soil is termed its field capacity, when some of its pore spaces are still free of water) |
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| talajnedvesség-rendszer |
soil moisture regime (The water regime of the soil is determined by the physical properties and arrangement of the soil particles. The pores in a soil determine its water-retention characteristics. When all the pores are full of water, the soil is said to be saturated) |
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| talajon keresztül tisztítás |
purification through the soil (The act or process in which a section of the ground is freed from pollution or any type of contamination, often through natural processes) |
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