غابة طبيعية |
natural forest (A forest area that has developed free from the influence of humans and remains largely unaffected by their activities. The natural forest may include, but is not necessarily equivalent to, an old-growth forest) |
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غابة متجددة الأوراق |
deciduous forest (The temperate forests comprised of trees that seasonally shed their leaves, located in the east of the USA, in Western Europe from the Alps to Scandinavia, and in the eastern Asia. The hardwood of these forests have been exploited since the 16th century. The trees of deciduous forests usually produce nuts and winged seeds) |
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غابة محمية |
forest reserve (Forest area set aside for the purpose of protecting certain fauna and flora, or both) |
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غابة مختلطة |
mixed woodland |
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غابة مختلطة |
mixed forest (A forest composed of several tree species) |
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غابة مطيرة |
rain forest (A forest of broad-leaved, mainly evergreen, trees found in continually moist climates in the tropics, subtropics, and some parts of the temperate zones) |
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غابة مطيرة استوائية |
tropical rain forest (The most valuable and the richest ecosystem on Earth. It plays a critical part in the Earth's life support systems and house 50%, and possibly as much as 90%, of all the species on Earth. It is a key storehouse of foods, oils and minerals, and a source of ingredients that make up a range of medical treatments. It also represents home and livelihood for many people. However, more than half of the rainforests have disappeared, chopped down for valuable tropical hardwoods, or cleared to provide areas for cattle grazing or human habitation. The forests play an important part in climate patterns, and deforestation is thought to be responsible for 18% of global warming. Furthermore, as they disappear there is also an albedo effect - a damaging increase in the sunlight reflected - which affects wind and rainfall patterns) |
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غاز |
gas (A substance that continues to occupy in a continuous manner the whole of the space in which it is placed, however large or small this place is mad, the temperature remaining constant) |
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غاز احتراق |
combustion gas (The exhaust gas from a combustion process. It may contain nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, water vapour, sulfur oxides, particles and many chemical pollutants) |
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غاز المطمورات |
landfill gas (Landfill gas is generated in landfill sites by the anaerobic decomposition of domestic refuse (municipal solid waste). It consists of a mixture of gases and is colourless with an offensive odour due to the traces of organosulphur compounds. Aside for its unpleasantness, it is highly dangerous as methane is explosive in concentrations in air between 5 per cent, the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL), and the Upper Explosive Limit (UEL) of 15 per cent. Landfill gas must be controlled at all operational landfill sites, whether actively or passively vented or both especially in the case of deep sites) |
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غاز حيوي |
biogas (Gas, rich in methane, which is produced by the fermentation of animal dung, human sewage or crop residues in an air-tight container. It is used as a fuel, to heat stoves, lamps, run small machines and to generate electricity. The residues of biogas production are used as a low-grade organic fertilizer. Biogas fuels do not usually cause any pollution to the atmosphere, and because they come from renewable energy resources they have great potential for future use) |
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غاز دافع |
propellant (A gas used in aerosol preparations to expel the liquid contents through an atomizer) |
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غاز طبيعي |
natural gas (A natural fuel containing methane and hydrocarbons that occurs in certain geologic formations) |
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غاز عادم |
exhaust gas (Offgas produced during combustion processes discharged directly or ultimately to the atmosphere) |
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غاز مسال |
liquefied gas (A gaseous compound or mixture converted to the liquid phase by cooling or compression; examples are liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), liquefied natural gas (LNG), liquid oxygen, and liquid ammonia) |
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غاز مسبب للاحتباس الحراري |
greenhouse gas (A collective expression for those components of the atmosphere that influence the greenhouse effect, namely carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxides, ozone, CFCs and water vapour, GHG) |
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غاز مستهلك |
waste gas (Any unusable aeriform fluid, or suspension of fine particles in air, given off by a manufacturing process or the burning of a substance in a enclosed area) |
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غازات الاحتباس الحراري |
GHG |
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غازوحول |
gasohol (A mixture of 80% or 90% petrol with 20% or 10% ethyl alcohol, for use as a fuel in internal combustion engines) |
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غبار |
dust (Any kind of solid material divided in particles of very small size) |
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