| socioeducational activity (Instruction or events designed to offer learning or cultural experiences to populations without access to traditional educational institutions due to social or economic barriers) |
نشاط اجتماعي - تعليمي |
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| sociological survey (Research on social questions or problems, especially focusing on cultural and environmental factors) |
دراسة سوسيولوجية |
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| sociology (The study of the development, organization, functioning and classification of human societies) |
علم الاجتماعي - السوسيولوجيا |
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| sociopolitical aspect (Any part, feature or quality of society that combines governmental dimensions with inter-personal or inter-group dynamics) |
جانب اجتماعي - سياسي |
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| softening (Reduction of the hardness of water by removing hardness-forming ions (chiefly calcium and magnesium) by precipitation or ion exchange, or sequestering them as by combining them with substances such as certain phosphates, that form soluble but non-ionized salts) |
تليين |
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| softening agent (1. A substance added to another substance to increase its softness, pliability, or plasticity. 2. A substance, such as a zeolite, for softening water) |
عامل ملين - ملطف |
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| software (Software is the general term used to describe all of the various programs that may be used on a computer system. Software can be divided into four main categories: systems software, development software, user interface software, applications software) |
برمجيات - برنامج كميوتر |
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| software development (No definition needed) |
تطوير البرمجيات |
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| soil (The top layer of the land surface of the earth that is composed of disintegrated rock particles, humus, water and air) |
تربة |
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| soil acidification (A naturally occurring process in humid climates that has long been the subject of research, whose findings suggest acid precipitation effects. The generally accepted impact of soil acidification on the productivity of terrestrial plants is summarised as follows: as soil becomes more acidic the basic cations (Ca, Mg) on the soil exchange are replaced by hydrogen ions or solubilized metals. The basic cation, now in solution, can be leached through the soil. As time progresses the soil becomes less fertile and more acidic. Resultant decreases in soil pH cause reduced, less-active population of soil microorganisms, which in turn slow decomposition of plant residues and cycling of essential plant nutrients) |
تحميض التربة |
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| soil air (The air and other gases in spaces in the soil; specifically that which is found within the zone of aeration. Also known as soil atmosphere) |
هواء التربة |
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| soil analysis (The use of rapid chemical analyses to determine the fertility status of a soil. It is used to identify those nutrients or substances that are present in either insufficient or excessive quantities for optimum plant growth. Analyses are also used to monitor increases or decreases in soil fertility over time) |
تحليل التربة |
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| soil biology (The study of the living organisms, mainly microorganisms and microinvertebrates which live within the soil, and which are largely responsible for the decomposition processes vital to soil fertility) |
بيولوجيا التربة |
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| soil capability (The suitability of soils for various uses, e.g. sustained production of cultivated crops, pasture plants, etc., depending on depth, texture, kinds of minerals, salinity, kinds of salts, acidity, etc.) |
قدرة التربة |
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| soil carbon sequestration |
احتباس الكربون في التربة |
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| soil chemistry (The study of the inorganic and organic components of the soil and its life cycles) |
كيمياء التربة |
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| soil compaction (An increase in bulk density (mass per unit volume) and a decrease in soil porosity resulting from applied loads, vibration, or pressure. More compacted soils (or other materials) can support greater loads (load-bearing capacity). Bulk density can be increased by controlling the moisture content, compaction forces and treatment procedures, as well as by manipulating the type of material being compacted) |
رصُّ الأرض |
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| soil condition (Description of the character of the surface of the ground at the time of observation, especially in relation to the influence of rain and snow) |
حالة التربة |
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| soil conservation (Management of soil to prevent or reduce soil erosion and depletion by wind and water. Preservation of soil against deterioration and loss by using it within its capabilities; application of conservation practices needed for its protection and improvement) |
الحفاظ على التربة |
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| soil conservation |
محافظة على التربة |
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