мушарака(An investment partnership or joint venture compliant with Sharia in which the financing party and its client (the borrower) contribute assets (cash or property) to a joint venture and share in the profits of the joint venture in agreed percentages (usually structured so that the financing party receives its initial investment plus a return (usually calculated by a reference to a benchmark such as LIBOR plus a margin)). Losses, however, are shared in accordance with the parties' initial investment. All musharaka parties have the right to exercise control over the joint venture but it is typically managed by the client/borrower. Musharaka is widely regarded as the purest form of Islamic financing because it is based on the principles of sharing in and benefiting from risk.)
такафул(A method of providing insurance in a manner compliant with Sharia. Traditional insurance products are impermissible (or haram) under Sharia because they contravene the gharar principle against uncertainty and speculation. In a takaful transaction, which is based on the Islamic principle of mutual assistance and risk sharing: 1) The insured parties establish a fund that is managed by the insurer. 2) The insurer invests the funds in Sharia-compliant assets. 3) f one of the insured suffers a loss, he is compensated from the fund.)